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Detailed Ecological Assessment Report 2008 – Keenjhar Lake Figure 9 – Number of species, families and orders recorded during summer and winter seasons Number of species 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 53 98 33 38 WWF Pakistan – Indus for All Programme Page 54 of 165 13 14 Species Famalies Orders Groups Summer Winter 3.4.5 Conservation status Figure 10 shows the percentage of species under different status categories during winter and summer. Figure 10 – Percentage of species recorded across status categories % of species recorded 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Abundant 33.3 52.0 41.8 62.3 0 3.4 5.1 1.0 0.80 Common Less common Scarce Status category Rare Summer Winter In summer most of the bird species recorded was scarce or common whereas in winter they were common or less common. 3.4.6 Habitats: The important bird habitats were the main lake, associated marshes, and agricultural fields, vicinity of villages, fish farm area, grass fields and bunds of the lake. A total of 57 species of birds were recorded in the summer surveys while 98 species of birds were recorded in the winter surveys. Most of the birds were
Detailed Ecological Assessment Report 2008 – Keenjhar Lake found on or near the wetland habitats. Among the threatened species, the Blackbellied tern which is a near threatened species was recorded. On the nearby wetland called Jhol Dhand, some important species such as Greater flamingo, Pallid Harrier, Common Kestrel, Imperial Eagle, Steppe Eagle and Chestnut bellied sandgrouse were recorded. A total of 13,419 birds from the area were recorded. The major threats to the birds of the area particularly the water-birds are large scale disturbance and hunting activities over the lake. Fishing and birds nets were also found in the lake. 3.4.7 Threats and recommendations 3.4.7.1 Threats • There is eutrophication in the northern and western side of the lake as a result there is heavy growth of Typha and Phragmites along with exotic plant species which may be changing the habitat preferred by certain birds e.g. waders. • Excavation of building material and quarrying is common on the banks of the lake. This is causing a high level of disturbance especially to shore birds. Both wintering and breeding activities may be affected by this activity; • Likewise, the disturbance caused by tourism activities on the lake may can be causing the birds to migrate to other less-disturbed areas or move to other water bodies; • Hunting and trapping of birds is very common is most areas of the lake, hunting of birds by hunters with guns and trapping of birds for sale on the roadside is probably one of the largest causes in bird population decline at the lake over the last few years • There is lack of solid waste management and general quality of the lake may be declining, which may have a knock on affect to wintering and breeding birds that inhabit the lake • The Sindh Wildlife Department has very staff at the lake to patrol and tackle this issue of hunting and trapping. 3.4.6.2 Recommendations • There is a need for a conservation management plan for the long-term administration the lake, which is also a Wildlife Sanctuary and Ramsar site. • Jhampir, Ameer peer and Daulat pur areas of the lake should be developed for ecotourism so that communities can get a direct benefit from the lake and therefore feel a vested interest in the conservation of the area. Eco-tourism would depend heavily on the presence of both bird diversity and sizable populations • There is a need to establish an information centre and research conservation centre. Sign boards on the public areas and roads need to be placed to indicate the limits of Wildlife Sanctuary and importance of the wetland as a Ramsar site. 3.5 Freshwater fisheries 3.5.1 Species account A total of 55 species were recorded from Keenjhar Lake comprising of 9 Orders (Beloniformes, Channiformes, Clupeiformes, Cypriliformes, Mugiliformes, Osteoglossiformes, Perciformes, Siluriformes and Synbranchiformes) and 14 families. Table 15 below gives an account of each species recorded along with ecological aspects. WWF Pakistan – Indus for All Programme Page 55 of 165
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