Untitled - WWF - Pakistan

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Detailed Ecological Assessment Report 2008 – Keenjhar Lake of the neighboring area wash clothes and utensils with detergents at the banks of Keenjhar Lake. This may be the cause of phenols present in water. At the picnic point of Keenjhar Lake the washing of diesel vehicles is wide spread during weekends and on holidays. This is causing pollution (COD), increasing the solid waste and organic load in the lake. 3.8.2.2 Flow and levels The Keenjhar Lake historical flows and levels have decreased due to scarcity of water, climate changes, siltation of reservoir and misuse of water resources. The level of water in Keenjhar Lake has always been critical. The variation in flow which is seasonal; particularly during dry period has caused serious loss to biodiversity. The fisherman and farmers face problems in meeting their targets of fish and agriculture production. Some time production is such low that it threatens their livelihood. Because of siltation the Keenjhar Lake capacity has decreased substantially. Now the government has recently started a project of increasing reservoir level by 1.22-1.52 m. The designed pond level of Keenjhar Lake is 16.16 m above sea level. This should be maintained to ensure its full natural resources production. These observations were also agreed by the field staff and local community. Table 23 – Sample collection points for Keenjhar Lake Sample No Geographical location Location /Significance N2459.819 Soneri-1 (biological waste)- Buffalos entry point KL-B1 E6806.578 N2500.399 Soneri-2 (algal growth) KL-B2 E6806.240 KL-B3 N2509.819 E6804.578 Soneri-3 ( Drinking Water pumping station) N2501.406 Mid point of the Lake KL-B4 E6806.611 N2459.819 1 km down from head regulator of Keenjhar lake. E6803.618 (KB Feeder is main source of water supply to KL-B5 Keenjhar Lake). KL-B6 n/a Downstream head regulator of Keenjhar lake KL-B7 n/a Upstream of Keenjhar lake head regulator N2500.097 Ali Bux Manchhari village. (Observe human KL-B8 E6806.578 activities and drain entry into Keenjhar Lake). N2500.528 Jhampir Nai. (See effect of industrial waste like E6801.450 coal, Dolomite mining, silica sand etc coming with KL-B9 rainwater into the Lake.) N2457.180 Shoro village drain (This drain brings storm water KL-B10 E6801.335 into the Lake). n/a Picnic point. (Every weekend during summer huge number of people visit the lake as picnic place where solid waste is thrown into the lake and KL-B11 frequent washing of motor vehicles take place) KL-B12 n/a KB Feeder outlet(Karachi Water supply source) Keenjhar Lake study area water samples were collected from different potential locations during pre and post monsoon. The water quality data obtained in the month of July 2007 (pre monsoon) and October/November 2007 (post monsoon) is shown in the annex document. The data assessed is presented in two parts as physical and chemical parameters. WWF Pakistan – Indus for All Programme Page 86 of 165
Detailed Ecological Assessment Report 2008 – Keenjhar Lake For the sake of brevity the water quality results are given below for the purpose of its use as drinking, agriculture and fishing against the WHO and other important water quality guidelines/standards. Only important sample locations and water quality parameters, assessed in this study are elaborated in detail here. Comparing all the samples with standards they have exhibited good water quality except one sample taken from KB feeder, upstream of head regulator which showed more turbidity than the standard as 5 NTU (Table 24). Table 24 – Physical parameter of Keenjhar Lake - Pre monsoon Physical Parameters Pre monsoon 1 Temperature 30-32 o C 2 Electrical Conductivity 490-587 µS/cm 3 TDS 314-376 ppm 4 pH 6.96-8.49 5 Turbidity 0.73-8.14 6 Total Hardness 120-155 ppm 7 Calcium 72-80 ppm 8 Magnesium 43-80 ppm 9 Sulphate 14-24 ppm 10 Chlorine 28.9-63.5 ppm 11 Alkalinity 91.5-109.8 ppm Table 25 – Chemical parameter – Pre-monsoon Chemical Parameters Pre monsoon 1 Alkalinity 2 Phenols 1.7-3.57ppb 3 Cr 9.3-33.29 ppb 4 Pb 5.19-10.11 ppb 5 Cd 4.28-9.16 ppb 6 Ni 7.73-9.82 ppm 7 BOD 5.06-10.1 ppm 8 COD 12.64-16.43 ppm The COD and BOD are both high. The lead value shows that these parameters are within the WHO guidelines. The Cd and Ni values are both higher than Pakistani and WHO drinking water quality guidelines. This may be due to the industrial and municipal waste entering from Kotri Industrial area through KB Feeder into Keenjhar Lake. The Phenols found in 50% samples were slightly above the WHO guidelines. This may be due to the municipal/biological waste coming from neighboring villages and wallowing of the buffalos. Table 26 – Physical parameter – post-monsoon Physical Parameters Pre-monsoon 1 Temperature 25-29 o C 2 Electrical Conductivity 529-674 µS/cm 3 TDS 356-432 ppm 4 pH 8.00-8.31 5 Turbidity 3.11-97.2 6 Total Hardness 60-127 ppm 7 Calcium 25-45 ppm 8 Magnesium 35-89 ppm 9 Sulphate 80-170 ppm 10 Chlorine 50-106 ppm 11 Alkalinity 30-40 ppm WWF Pakistan – Indus for All Programme Page 87 of 165
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