Preaspiration in the Nordic Languages: Synchronic and Diachronic ...

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Preaspiration in the Nordic Languages Synchronic and diachronic aspects Pétur Helgason PhD dissertation Stockholm University Department of Linguistics November 2002
Page 1: Preaspiration in the Nordic Languag
Page 5: Abstract Preaspiration—the produc
Page 8 and 9: 3.8 CELTIC LANGUAGES...............
Page 11 and 12: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like
Page 13 and 14: 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview This st
Page 15 and 16: - 3 - Reykjavík Hrísey ICELAND We
Page 17 and 18: Such characteristics in the formati
Page 19 and 20: In most respects, the general descr
Page 21: ment that has emerged in each langu
Page 24 and 25: Reitan 1930:67f). But, as with prac
Page 26 and 27: For comparison, let us consider pos
Page 28 and 29: postaspiration tend to have equally
Page 30 and 31: Oral pass. Voicing Icel. labba: l
Page 32 and 33: Oral pass. Velum Voicing Icel. lamb
Page 34 and 35: these terms are used mostly in conj
Page 36 and 37: described is true preaspiration (as
Page 38 and 39: Eastern Ojibwa sets itself apart fr
Page 40 and 41: As to preaspirated stops in Chechen
Page 42 and 43: stops if the preceding word ends in
Page 44 and 45: Precoda, 1989). The languages in qu
Page 46 and 47: “normal” unaspirated, voiceless
Page 48 and 49: suited for communicative purposes.
Page 50 and 51: are better discriminated than are a
Page 52 and 53:
Lastly, even if we are truly better
Page 55 and 56:
3 PREASPIRATION IN NORTHWESTERN EUR
Page 57 and 58:
work on my part since glosses appea
Page 59 and 60:
awareness of Icelandic preaspiratio
Page 61 and 62:
occur only after short vowels, and
Page 63 and 64:
of disyllabic words embedded in fra
Page 65 and 66:
3.2.2 The perception of Icelandic p
Page 67 and 68:
vowel (i.e., [i] or [u]). All other
Page 69 and 70:
Two out of the four subjects (EI an
Page 71 and 72:
[ma] mata ‘feed,’ [jøkl] jökl
Page 73 and 74:
mant for his examples, but makes it
Page 75 and 76:
laterals are voiceless in such posi
Page 77 and 78:
duration (Pr) plotted against the c
Page 79 and 80:
(Hesselman 1901 & 1902, Riad 1992).
Page 81 and 82:
in the Gudbrandsdalen dialects, as
Page 83 and 84:
According to the segmentation crite
Page 85 and 86:
preaspiration in this dialect shoul
Page 87 and 88:
As a result, the Vemdalen dialect h
Page 89 and 90:
(neut.)’ and sfe ‘released.’
Page 91 and 92:
Arjeplog dialect. Their findings su
Page 93 and 94:
latter half voiceless. As for the f
Page 95 and 96:
amples include b ‘old man’ and
Page 97 and 98:
instead as a preaspirated or an una
Page 99 and 100:
consonants that tended to occur on
Page 101 and 102:
than in men’s. 1 My own impressio
Page 103 and 104:
For the remaining 17 dialects, Wret
Page 105 and 106:
Table 3-11. The findings of van Dom
Page 107 and 108:
tokens for the group of younger fem
Page 109 and 110:
Investigations of preaspiration dur
Page 111 and 112:
According to Ní Chasaide & Ó Doch
Page 113 and 114:
The development of overlong stops i
Page 115 and 116:
excess of 100 ms), and unaspirated
Page 117 and 118:
4 PREASPIRATION - DATA In this chap
Page 119 and 120:
author. Further details on the map-
Page 121 and 122:
Stop release h h Figure 4-2
Page 123 and 124:
the present work display VPr durati
Page 125 and 126:
Table 4-1. Overview of the data on
Page 127 and 128:
had an intermediate mean of 52 ms.
Page 129 and 130:
Figure 4-5 shows two examples of a
Page 131 and 132:
(although there are several tokens
Page 133 and 134:
åten type words, MP’s mean VPrO
Page 135 and 136:
plement preaspiration ratios, such
Page 137 and 138:
Pr duration (ms) Pr duration (ms) P
Page 139 and 140:
same data as the results presented
Page 141 and 142:
of FS’s and CK’s productions of
Page 143 and 144:
offset is perceptually salient when
Page 145 and 146:
produces an /lt/-sequence). MP also
Page 147 and 148:
Table 4-9. Mean postaspiration dura
Page 149 and 150:
tainly due to the fact that the CSw
Page 151 and 152:
v s Figure 4-26. Subj. CK: […
Page 153 and 154:
GT’s production of dungar ‘grov
Page 155 and 156:
follows. Possibly, place of articul
Page 157 and 158:
nasal /d/ is dropped completely (i.
Page 159 and 160:
contains an analysis of data on the
Page 161 and 162:
are discussed below, and an overvie
Page 163 and 164:
initially rather than word-medially
Page 165 and 166:
separation line between preaspirate
Page 167 and 168:
(i.e., preaspiration > 15 ms), and
Page 169 and 170:
Pr duration (ms) Pr-dur (ms) Pr dur
Page 171 and 172:
unaspirated. In a further 44 instan
Page 173 and 174:
epresentation is [h], but is more c
Page 175 and 176:
ishes sharply. This point is referr
Page 177 and 178:
In Figure 4-50 (in which the same s
Page 179 and 180:
The emphasis here has been on insta
Page 181 and 182:
durations. Very short periods of fr
Page 183 and 184:
preaspiration duration is approxima
Page 185 and 186:
these examples are roughly as indic
Page 187 and 188:
l Figure 4-69. Subj. JM: […slo
Page 189 and 190:
voiced portion is often heavily fri
Page 191 and 192:
For lenis stops, it is quite common
Page 193 and 194:
Table 4-15. Mean preaspiration dura
Page 195 and 196:
Pr duration (ms) 160 120 80 40 0 0
Page 197 and 198:
The measurements of CSw also show t
Page 199 and 200:
Lenis Fortis Fortis geminate single
Page 201 and 202:
e discussed in the following sectio
Page 203 and 204:
produced by ES is quite different f
Page 205 and 206:
The example in Figure 4-90 contains
Page 207 and 208:
as laughter during production and e
Page 209 and 210:
that word-medial postaspirations ar
Page 211 and 212:
for word-medial stops in VC syllabl
Page 213 and 214:
The results from the Western Åland
Page 215 and 216:
trade-off effect between preaspirat
Page 217 and 218:
the ON word-medial voiced fricative
Page 219 and 220:
impressionistic observations of the
Page 221 and 222:
4 2 4 1 2 3 4 5 r+p, t,k r+p, t,k;l
Page 223 and 224:
in CSw—and it has been shown that
Page 225 and 226:
5 FROM OLD NORSE TO THE PRESENT 5.1
Page 227 and 228:
Some thoughts will also be offered
Page 229 and 230:
their orthographic presentation. Th
Page 231 and 232:
dialects with (normative) preaspira
Page 233 and 234:
singleton stops. Drawing on the ide
Page 235 and 236:
of the type we find in Central Stan
Page 237 and 238:
egarding phonetic expression of the
Page 239 and 240:
the geminate lenes tended to be pro
Page 241 and 242:
in the production of the units dimi
Page 243 and 244:
synchronised with oral closure. In
Page 245 and 246:
phonological reorganisation for the
Page 247 and 248:
In this illustration, the change is
Page 249 and 250:
The case of preaspiration can be de
Page 251 and 252:
others. In this way, some speakers
Page 253 and 254:
Although phonemic merger may be the
Page 255 and 256:
REFERENCES Alvarez, Albert & Kennet
Page 257 and 258:
Elert, Claes-Christian. 1957. “Bi
Page 259 and 260:
Helgason, Pétur & Klaus J. Kohler.
Page 261 and 262:
—. 1956. Juraksamojedisches Wört
Page 263 and 264:
—. 1956. “The Gaelic of Leurbos
Page 265 and 266:
Roos, Marti. 1998. “Preaspiration
Page 267:
Wallström, Sigvard. 1943. Studier
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