- Page 1: Preaspiration in the Nordic Languag
- Page 4 and 5: PhD dissertation November 2002 Depa
- Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..........
- Page 9: 4.4.4 Preaspiration duration — SW
- Page 12 and 13: the following pages. Thanks also to
- Page 14 and 15: ported, but these should only be ta
- Page 16 and 17: Finally, in Chapter 5, the patterns
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- Page 23 and 24: 2 DEFINITION AND TYPOLOGY 2.1 Defin
- Page 25 and 26: and Finnish the word [lhti] ‘bay
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- Page 29 and 30: 2.2 Linking preaspiration and sonor
- Page 31 and 32: The similarity in gestural organisa
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- Page 47 and 48: 2.6 Auditory constraints and the ra
- Page 49 and 50: The second criticism of Bladon’s
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- Page 53: number of languages that possess se
- Page 56 and 57: and Lappic (Finno-Ugric). It has be
- Page 58 and 59: For the sake of simplicity and luci
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- Page 62 and 63: Table 3-1. Reflexes of Old Norse st
- Page 64 and 65: In the Northern dialect, V is sligh
- Page 66 and 67: Pind’s experiments as well as the
- Page 68 and 69: In Area 2, where Tórshavn is situa
- Page 70 and 71: in VC syllables in their speech, ju
- Page 72 and 73: Table 3-4. Reflexes of ON stops in
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- Page 80 and 81: ON flytja). There are no examples o
- Page 82 and 83: Table 3-7. Reflexes of ON stops in
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do occur systematic linguistic diff
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Gräsö Forsmark Valö S W E D E N
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There are very few examples of clus
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Kökar, in the Åboland archipelago
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one hand, speakers have a tendency
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ecent studies that corroborate thes
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example, in a particular dialect, t
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does not give her segmentation crit
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Scotland and Ireland 1 [hphthk] 2 [
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approximately 140-150 ms in VC syll
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1. South Saami (Southern & Ume Saam
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1987a), Estonian (Engstrand & Krull
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Table 3-13. Reflexes of ON postvoca
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and Tórshavn Faroese data were eli
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ducing breathiness into the voice q
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Figure 4-3. An example of a sequenc
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4.2 Central Standard Swedish (CSw)
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very large, since postaspiration wa
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Several spectrographic examples of
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The data indicate that there is lit
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produced and in 9 cases there were
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To examine effects of syllable stru
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preaspiration for lexically stresse
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durations exceeding 120 ms, preaspi
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mately 70 ms. Just before the stop
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noise becomes audibly postalveolar
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As regards nasal + fortis stop sequ
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most of the remaining instances he
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(comparable to our taverna type) ha
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The CSw data have shown that word-i
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golf ‘golf,’ in which the utter
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o Figure 4-35. Subj. GT: […tv]
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word-initial lenis stop preceded by
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(i.e., short mVOffT and long mVOT).
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make it easier to refer to stops in
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[mh] ‘food’ is used, and for fu
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clear stop correlate, 26 (7%) had a
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All subjects considered, for lenis
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Figure 4-45(a) plots preaspiration
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cluster and 2 instances with a kt c
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4.3.2.5 Postaspiration duration Ins
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closure gesture. As the escape chan
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fricative constriction cannot be at
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is glottal during the first 50 ms.
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4.3.4 Summary and discussion As reg
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from the preaspiration noise itself
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Many instances of word-medial forti
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In the Gräsö dialect, the sonoran
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that the presence of a voiceless na
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of this type as well. Remarkably, t
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On the whole, the fortis vs. lenis
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120 100 80 60 40 20 0 120 100 80 60
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Icelandic listeners, even though th
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discussion of possible reasons for
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Table 4-16. The findings of Indrið
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these speakers will henceforth be r
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lenes are often produced with a voi
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Nasal + stop sequences in the Weste
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inte ‘not’ without the final vo
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ange for the remaining subjects is
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For word-medial contexts data are a
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instances may have preaspiration on
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4.6 Summary and conclusions The sur
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that the ON word-initial lenes have
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dialect in the Åland archipelago.
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clear that ON m, n + p, t, k sequen
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gradual process rather than a leap
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stops that we find in, for example,
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oth found in V()C syllables, but ar
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Some Icelandic linguists seem to ha
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On a quite different note, Liberman
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dialect. With this in mind, Hansson
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(1997:114f), Iceland, the Faroes, J
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observed phonological distribution
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sense, preaspiration is linked more
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higher degree of spectral tilt than
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a failure to apply a process of per
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similar to that in CSw today. Some
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from t1 through t8, the productions
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ation, voiceless nasality before fo
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parameter such as VOT or F0, may th
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identity and paralinguistic informa
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—. 1974. “On the influence of N
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Gillies, William. 1993. “Scottish
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Johanson, Lars. 1998. “The histor
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Lyttkens, Ivar Adolf & Fredrik Amad
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—. 1995b. “Speaking rate, VOT a
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Stölten, Katrin. 2002. Dialektalit
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Department of Linguistics, Stockhol