Characterization of the U.S. Industrial Commercial Boiler Population

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A.8 Economic Census The Bureau of the Census performs the Economic Census every 5 years with 1997 providing the most recent data. EEA used the 1997 Economic Census (EC97) to project the size distribution of boilers that are not captured in existing inventories. The EC97 estimates that there are 363,000 manufacturing facilities. Although the EC97 does not track boilers or boiler fuels, it does provide a breakdown of the number of establishments by the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) code and number of employees and the summary of this data is shown in Table A-5. Table A-5 Percentage of Facilities by Number of Employees Distribution of Facilities by Number of Employees Industry =2500 Food 24% 14% 15% 18% 10% 10% 4% 3% 2% 0% Paper 6% 5% 10% 24% 20% 25% 4% 3% 2% 0% Chemicals 16% 10% 12% 21% 15% 15% 5% 3% 2% 0% Refining 7% 5% 7% 17% 10% 21% 16% 11% 7% 0% Metals 11% 5% 6% 11% 7% 18% 20% 10% 6% 6% Other Manufacturing 24% 13% 14% 18% 11% 11% 5% 2% 1% 0% Total 22% 13% 14% 19% 12% 12% 5% 2% 1% 0% A.9 CBECS Approximately every four years EIA performs the Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS), with the most recent survey completed for 1999. EIA completed interviews for 5,430 buildings and used the results to estimate fuel consumption for the 4.66 million commercial building in the U.S. EIA estimates that boilers serve 581,000 buildings. Figure A-9 shows the distribution of floor space in commercial buildings by building size and building age. The largest amount of floor space served by boilers is in buildings constructed in the 1960s, which is fairly consistent with the vintage analysis in Chapter 4. Commercial floor space served by boilers decreased in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, although boilers remained a common technology for facilities larger than 200,000 square feet. A-12 Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc.
Total Square Feet (1,000,000 sq ft) Figure A-9 CBECS Distribution of Floor Space by Building Size and Vintage 4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 - Over 500,000 sq ft 200,001 to 500,000 sq ft 100,001 to 200,000 sq ft 50,001 to 100,000 sq ft 25,001 to 50,000 sq ft 10,001 to 25,000 sq ft 5,001 to 10,000 sq ft up to 5,000 sq ft 1919 or Before 1920 to 1945 1946 to 1959 1960 to 1969 1970 to 1979 1980 to 1989 1990 to 1999 Vintage of Building Table A-6 lists space heating technology data for commercial buildings by period of construction. Although not the dominant choice for all buildings, boilers provide space heat for more than a third of floor space in buildings constructed before 1970. Packaged heating units now provide heating for more than half of commercial building floor space but boilers heat 22 percent of floor space constructed in the 1990s. Table A-6 CBECS Space Heating Technologies by Building Vintage Number of Buildings 1,000,000 Square % Square Footage served by Year Constructed with boilers footage served by boilers boilers Dominant Technology for Period 1919 or Before 99,828 1,397 35% Boilers 35% 1920 to 1945 82,857 2,264 35% Boilers 35% 1946 to 1959 120,792 2,762 30% Packaged Heating Units 32% 1960 to 1969 97,832 4,231 39% Boilers 39% 1970 to 1979 62,892 3,275 28% Packaged Heating Units 41% 1980 to 1989 64,888 3,114 22% Packaged Heating Units 46% 1990 to 1999 51,911 2,479 22% Packaged Heating Units 51% Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc. A-13
Page 1:
Characterization of the U.S. Indust
Page 5 and 6: Table Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..
Page 7: List of Figures Figure 1-1 Boiler A
Page 11 and 12: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The U.S. industri
Page 13 and 14: Natural gas is the most common fuel
Page 15: and other fuels (2 percent). The av
Page 18 and 19: 1.2 Boiler Basics Boilers use a hea
Page 20 and 21: Firetube units are typically the sm
Page 22 and 23: Stoker boilers are described by the
Page 24 and 25: Figure 1-7 Cut-Away View of a Fluid
Page 26 and 27: Table 1-1 CHP Thermal Output/Input
Page 28 and 29: Table 2-2 Industrial Boiler Invento
Page 30 and 31: Consumption Survey (MECS) identifie
Page 32 and 33: Coal, oil and wood are important fu
Page 34 and 35: industry utilizing large black liqu
Page 36 and 37: MMBtu/hr total capacity) and 387,00
Page 38 and 39: Oil is the designated primary fuel
Page 41 and 42: 4 HISTORIC TRENDS 4.1 Boiler Sales
Page 43 and 44: Boiler Capacity (MMBtu/hr) 1,200,00
Page 45 and 46: APPENDIX A ADDITIONAL BACKGROUND ON
Page 47 and 48: the capacity is not assigned. Of th
Page 49 and 50: Table A-4 MECS Fuel Consumption in
Page 51 and 52: Boiler Units 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,0
Page 53 and 54: Boiler Units 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,00
Page 55: Boiler Units 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,00
Page 60 and 61: Incremental Boiler Fuel (TBtu/year)
Page 62 and 63: does not fit the typical definition
Page 64 and 65: MMBtu Million British Thermal Units
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Characterization of the U.S. Industrial Commercial Boiler Population

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