ATAC i system - Energimyndigheten

Katalytisk förbränning av förgasat biobränsle i gasturbiner -
Catalytic Combustion of Gasified Biomass in Gas Turbines
Projekt nr: P7057-4
Projektledare: Prof. Torsten Fransson
Projektdeltagare: Jürgen Jacoby (100%), Philippe Thevenin (50%), Jan Fredriksson
(10%)
Projektets varaktighet: 2000-04-01 till 2002-03-31
Beviljade medel: 3 530 000 kr
Referensgrupp: Rolf Gabrielsson (VAC), Lars Waldheim (TPS), Magnus Callavik
(ABB Corp. Research), Sven Järås (Kemisk Tekonologi-KTH)
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Projektbeskrivning (Project description):
This project attempts to combine two technologies in the field of energy production, which
have experienced an increasing interest in research, namely gasified biomass and catalytic
combustion. Catalytic combustion has been investigated by numerous research groups in both
academic and commercial fields as it offers high efficiency combustion at low emission
levels, a feature which has become essential to meet today’s stringent emission regulations.
Single-digit emissions levels of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxides and unburnt hydrocarbons
have already been demonstrated using natural gas as a fuel source. Gasified biomass offers the
potential for reducing net emissions of carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas. A reduction of
nitrogen oxides as a combustion product is of interest as its oxidation in the earth atmosphere
results in the formation of secondary pollutants which are potentially more harmful than the
precursor itself. The purpose of the catalyst is to allow a stable reaction process of lean fuelto-air
mixtures. Biomass is an attractive fuel source due to its abundance. It has to be said
though that this statement is only valid in certain geographical regions of the world. Through
advanced gasification technologies, e.g. the circulating fluidized bed technology, biomass can
be converted into a combustible gas which can in turn be used to fire a gas turbine for energy
production. Gasified biomass has some distinct characteristics resulting in great demands on
the combustor. Even though rich in hydrogen and carbon monoxide, its low-heating value
requires a technique to maintain a stable combustion, difficult to achieve via flame
combustion. Furthermore it has a potentially high level of ammonia, which may generate
emissions of nitrogen oxide.
Projektets mål (Project goal):
Overall aim of the project is to investigate the feasibility of firing a gas turbine which is
equipped with a catalytic combustion chamber with a low-heating value fuel derived from
gasification of biomass, e.g. wood chips. Monitoring of the emission levels is essential in
order to meet the required standards.
Jürgen Jacoby defended his Ph.D. thesis on Oct 25 th , 2001, preliminary date for the
disputation of Philippe Thevenin is April 2002.
Uppnådda resultat (Results):
A test facility for studying the catalytic combustion of a gas similar in its characteristics to
gasified biomass has been designed and successfully taken into service. The tested catalyst
arrangements and catalyst properties are listed in Table 1.