Birds in southern Öresund in relation to the wind farm at ... - Vattenfall

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Fig. 11. Summary distribution maps for the Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo from boat surveys pre- (left) and post- (right) construction of the wind farm. For annual maps see appendix. Sammanfattande utbredningskartor för storskarv Phalacrocorax carbo från båtinventeringar före (vänster) och efter(höger) uppförandet av vindkraftparken. För årsvisa kartor se appendix. 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 Phalacrocorax carbo Winter 2006(3) 2008(1) 2009(4) 2010(1) 2011(3) 32 Outer Buffer Windfarm Fig. 12. Mean densities (individuals / km 2 ) of Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo based on aerial surveys during winter in different zones around the wind farm at Lillgrund in different years. Number of surveys shown in brackets. Täthet (individer km 2 ) av storskarv Phalacrocorax carbo baserade på flyginventeringar under vintern inom olika zoner runt Lillgrunds vindkraftpark under olika år. Antalet inventeringar anges inom parentes.
Overall Jacob’s index (D) for the wind farm area based on the aerial surveys was -0.49 for the pre-construction period and -0.84 with the wind farm in operation. Corresponding indices based on the boat surveys were -0.79 for pre-construction period and -0.69 for the postconstruction period. Both aerial and boat surveys show that Lillgrund is not an area that is important for Cormorants, at least during the study years, irrespective of the presence of the wind farm. The negative indices instead indicate that Lillgrund is used less than would be expected from the size of the area. The indices based on aerial surveys indicate a stronger avoidance with the wind farm in operation, an indication not shown by the boat data. At the same time, both data sets indicate that the area just outside of the wind farm (the buffer zone, up to 2 km from the wind farm) was also used less than expected during the pre-construction period but (D-values of -0.52 and -0.71), while these parts were used more than, or almost as, expected during the postconstruction phase (D-values of 0.82 and 0.14). Fig. 12 shows the variation in Jacob’s index for the different study years. In both cases we can see that the indices for the wind farm area in general are lower during the post-construction period. This is somewhat surprising since Cormorants, in small numbers though, often use the fundaments of the turbines for roosting (own observations). Still, the distribution of Cormorants in Öresund is not in any major way connected to the more shallow areas such as Lillgrund, but instead to the movements of the Herring Clupea harengus shoals appearing there on a seasonal basis. Hence the biological significance of an analysis like this is not especially large for this species. Our conclusion is hence that the wind farm at Lillgrund has not affected the Cormorants using southern Öresund and Lillgrund in any major way. 33
Page 1 and 2: Birds in southern Öresund in relat
Page 3 and 4: Contents Summary 4 Svensk sammanfat
Page 5 and 6: the birds and/or the flocks, the be
Page 7 and 8: Metoder Inventeringarna av rastande
Page 9 and 10: Alfågel (Fig. 14-19) Alfågeln öv
Page 11 and 12: Liksom vid andra inventeringar av r
Page 13 and 14: Introduction Southern Öresund is a
Page 15 and 16: Lillgrund is situated in the southe
Page 17 and 18: had to be made with only one observ
Page 19 and 20: Fig. 5. Map of the southern part of
Page 21 and 22: Fig. 6 . Map over the wind farm at
Page 23 and 24: transect was divided into 10 km lon
Page 25 and 26: Results Staging and wintering birds
Page 27 and 28: Table.3 Percentage of the total num
Page 29 and 30: Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo As is
Page 31: Fig. 10. Summary distribution maps
Page 35 and 36: Long-tailed Duck Clangula hyemalis
Page 37 and 38: ehind the large variation is that f
Page 39 and 40: Fig. 17. Summary distribution maps
Page 41 and 42: Common Eider Somateria mollissima T
Page 47 and 48: Jacobs Index Jacobs Index 1 0,5 0 -
Page 49 and 50: 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 MIN MEAN
Page 51 and 52: Fig. 30. Details of Fig. 29 to show
Page 53 and 54: large-scale changes in abundance ar
Page 55 and 56: 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 MIN MEAN
Page 59 and 60: Jacobs Index Jacobs Index 1 0,5 0 -
Page 61 and 62: Lillgrund and the wind farm are sit
Page 63 and 64: The spring migration season, and he
Page 65 and 66: % of all echoes (flocks) 45 40 35 3
Page 71 and 72: irds given the assumptions used abo
Page 73 and 74: % of all echoes (flocks) % of all e
Page 75 and 76: % av alla ekon (flockar) 20 15 10 5
Page 77 and 78: species, some species being better
Page 79 and 80: area and from a Dutch farm show tha
Page 81 and 82: distance from the farm, although mo
Page 83 and 84:
Literature Alerstam, T. 1972. Noctu
Page 85:
Petersen, I. K. & Fox A. D. 2007. C
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