PAUL AND THE RHETORIC OF REVERSAL: KERYGMATIC ...

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in early Christian interpretation of Jesus. I suggest that this was a viable rhetorical resource for Paul in the construction of 1 Corinthians. Paul is summoning those who are effectively playing the role of the boastful ruler (who will be destroyed) to rather take the role of the cruciform sufferer (who will be vindicated). In chapter 2 I step back to situate my interpretation within recent scholarship on the letter. I investigate arguments against the compositional unity of the letter and survey different models of the letter’s coherence. I go on to consider the exegetical tensions that have provoked such a variety of perspectives on the letter’s unity and coherence. In chapter 3 I focus on 1 Corinthians 1–4. I consider the Corinthian “problems” introduced in this section, and find John Chrysostom to be a valuable model in giving consideration both to the social and historical background of the issues as well as Paul’s pastoral evaluation of those issues. In terms of background, I concur with Chrysostom that the problems arise from a situation in which godly leaders were being undermined and pushed aside as a result of the believers’ preference for polished orators. In terms of pastoral evaluation, I agree with Chrysostom that this situation represents boastful, present-obsessed human autonomy, as the believers attach their status to humans rather than to Christ. This pastorally conceived problem, I suggest, is precisely the sort of issue penetratingly addressed by the motif of reversal in other examples of Jewish/Christian literature. In chapter 4 I examine 1 Corinthians 5–14 and suggest that the topics of these chapters follow an observable pattern of Pauline ethics. I compare ethical sections within the Pauline Corpus and find that they generally proceed from a corrective to passionate desire for bodily taboos (especially sexual immorality, greed and impurity) to a commendation of inter-personal service and love within the body of Christ. I investigate possible backgrounds to this progression of issues, and suggest that it echoes Jewish encapsulations of the themes of the Torah in the Hellenistic-Roman period. For Paul, however, this 12
general progression of issues implicitly continues the christocentric corrective of chapters 1–4, as Paul insists that the Corinthians identify “bodily” with the cruciform Christ. In chapter 5 I consider the rhetorical function and historical background of the resurrection discussion in 1 Corinthians 15. In terms of rhetorical function I argue that the resurrection-denial is presented as the epitome of Corinthian refusal to accept the significance of the dead (and thus the cruciform). In terms of historical background I suggest that the situation may be illuminated by the culturally recognisable themes of disregard for the body and disregard for the dead. Chapter 15 brings the main body of the letter to a rhetorical crescendo as Paul insists that it is the dead in Christ who will receive resurrected vindication from God. Of course, there have been others who have perceived a movement from cross to resurrection in 1 Corinthians (as I will note in chapter 2). Indeed, my argument would be suspect if such an arrangement had not been noticed before. It has not yet, however, been rigorously demonstrated that the kerygmatic pattern of dual reversal can be viewed as a credible rhetorical resource for Paul as a first century writer. This study seeks to demonstrate that this is in fact the case; and furthermore, that such a reading of the letter carries substantial explanatory power for all parts of the letter. 13
Page 1 and 2: PAUL AND THE RHETORIC OF REVERSAL:
Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgements I would like to th
Page 5 and 6: Contents Abstract 2 Acknowledgement
Page 7 and 8: • Conclusion Points Throughout Pa
Page 9 and 10: Formatting, Translation, and Abbrev
Page 11: Introduction The unity, arrangement
Page 15 and 16: 1. The Concept of Reversal as a Rhe
Page 17 and 18: The Condemned Boaster and the Vindi
Page 19 and 20: The shouts of war were heard in fro
Page 21 and 22: condemnation, while the righteous s
Page 23 and 24: he shall find satisfaction through
Page 25 and 26: For Daniel resurrection is a means
Page 27 and 28: as assistants of his kingdom you di
Page 29 and 30: 1 Enoch 102:4-5 Be courageous, soul
Page 31 and 32: the world will raise us up and give
Page 33 and 34: Judith The distinction between the
Page 35 and 36: These examples illustrate the perva
Page 37 and 38: A summary of Israel’s history by
Page 39 and 40: Josephus presents himself as attemp
Page 41 and 42: Jesus as the Vindicated Sufferer in
Page 43 and 44: The kings of the earth take their s
Page 45 and 46: Paul identifies himself to the Cori
Page 47 and 48: [D]ying and rising with Christ as p
Page 49 and 50: Jewish conception of God, which has
Page 51 and 52: It is generally recognized that Phi
Page 53 and 54: I seek to demonstrate in the rest o
Page 55 and 56: humble crucified, who are awaiting
Page 57 and 58: God the Father, when every rule and
Page 59 and 60: kerygma of identification with the
Page 61 and 62: closing of the letter body. Noting
Page 63 and 64:
esurrection. Thus, even if the Cori
Page 65 and 66:
Chapter 2 The Unity and Coherence o
Page 67 and 68:
Lack of Unified Literary Coherence
Page 69 and 70:
In letter B, the style is authorita
Page 71 and 72:
original integrity of the pre-redac
Page 73 and 74:
concerning himself and Cephas and A
Page 75 and 76:
[I]f Paul’s letters had been know
Page 77 and 78:
Comparison of Pauline letters with
Page 79 and 80:
[B]ecause Paul’s letters, unlike
Page 81 and 82:
Oxyrhynchus papyrus 292 (25 CE) Epi
Page 83 and 84:
Such identification [of a biblical
Page 85 and 86:
Witherington notes that Paul would
Page 87 and 88:
Hurd sees Paul as being literarily
Page 89 and 90:
coherence has been characterised va
Page 91 and 92:
attested in their religious beliefs
Page 93 and 94:
and idolatry), 79 resulting in a th
Page 95 and 96:
Robertson’s caution is worth heed
Page 97 and 98:
Corinthians 5-14 this corrective of
Page 99 and 100:
ABA’ Patterning It may be noted t
Page 101 and 102:
statements in I,1-4, it is simply i
Page 103 and 104:
Thiselton, drawing on Paulsen, offe
Page 105 and 106:
Timothy’s work (notably with term
Page 107 and 108:
Repetition in Chapters 5-6 and the
Page 109 and 110:
If this is the case, then a literar
Page 111 and 112:
note rhetorical movement. The rest
Page 113 and 114:
auf einen einheitlichen, in sich zu
Page 115 and 116:
us not to be proudly assured of our
Page 117 and 118:
y removing it from its context. Sch
Page 119 and 120:
that they do not? Perhaps this woul
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doing so he chooses the form of an
Page 123 and 124:
passage, Paul argues at length agai
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implied in chapter 16. 168 It is wo
Page 127 and 128:
Various conceptions of the literary
Page 129 and 130:
1. John Chrysostom as Student of Pa
Page 131 and 132:
In this chapter I seek to attend to
Page 133 and 134:
Two broad rhetorical features are e
Page 135 and 136:
When he was discussing their divisi
Page 137 and 138:
What then should we do? Know the sh
Page 139 and 140:
Tell me! Are these then the ones wh
Page 141 and 142:
In each of these homilies, then, th
Page 143 and 144:
Firstly he denounces the puffed up
Page 145 and 146:
Chrysostom hears the discussion of
Page 147 and 148:
For the more perfect things remain
Page 149 and 150:
For God does all things for this re
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The Corinthians, and Chrysostom’s
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for the proud pursuit of Antiochene
Page 155 and 156:
Corinthians 1:18-29] [t]he wisdom o
Page 157 and 158:
5. 1 Corinthians 1-4 as Exhibiting
Page 159 and 160:
Witherington follows Mitchell in vi
Page 161 and 162:
here between that which is human an
Page 163 and 164:
Pseudo-Phocylides: Sentences, 53-54
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2:16 This verse brings 2:10-16 to a
Page 167 and 168:
3:9 carry myself in a way that is a
Page 169 and 170:
To “glory in men” is the opposi
Page 171 and 172:
fact is how his argument subsequent
Page 173 and 174:
It is not surprising then, that Cle
Page 175 and 176:
That view has been subjected to scr
Page 177 and 178:
4:20-21 “Already you have become
Page 179 and 180:
Corinthian and apostolic characteri
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God. Certainly this terminology see
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of 1 Corinthians, using them to int
Page 185 and 186:
• In knowledge (and freedom): Cha
Page 187 and 188:
7. An Application of Kerygmatic Rhe
Page 189 and 190:
corrective of the cross. Thus, much
Page 191 and 192:
In these chapters [leading up to ch
Page 193 and 194:
Chapter 4 1 Corinthians 5-14 and Pa
Page 195 and 196:
It is my contention that this logic
Page 197 and 198:
Galatians 5:19-21: Theme I: sexual
Page 199 and 200:
her own body [τοῦ ἰδίου
Page 201 and 202:
Firstly, Paul expresses fear that h
Page 203 and 204:
This dishonouring of bodies is elab
Page 205 and 206:
If you grieve your brother or siste
Page 207 and 208:
Ephesians 2 Clothe yourselves, then
Page 209 and 210:
Ephesians 4:25-5:2: Theme II: build
Page 211 and 212:
It may be then that there is a disc
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elated word ἐπιθυμία, when
Page 215 and 216:
It would seem that in the Pauline l
Page 217 and 218:
Chapters 5-7: Glorify God in Your B
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the kingdom of God. And some of you
Page 221 and 222:
Terminology of Chapters 5-7 The ter
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cross; and forward to chapters 12-1
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Chapter 10b: The situations of mark
Page 227 and 228:
In 13:1-13, Paul demonstrates “th
Page 229 and 230:
Pharisee. In particular, three rela
Page 231 and 232:
Boring, Berger and Colpe note that
Page 233 and 234:
Philo, On the Decalogue 168-169 And
Page 235 and 236:
Further, he reported that the king
Page 237 and 238:
children in sacrifice, or celebrati
Page 239 and 240:
The Testament of Reuben is first of
Page 241 and 242:
for parents and God. Sexual sin, im
Page 243 and 244:
Josephus’ discussion of the penal
Page 245 and 246:
Twelve Patriarchs πορνεία
Page 247 and 248:
The Psalms of Solomon arguably expr
Page 249 and 250:
For Saul the Pharisee, coming to Je
Page 251 and 252:
Thus the movement that can be descr
Page 253 and 254:
impurity; and secondly in relation
Page 255 and 256:
Horrell 114 ), in that I would subo
Page 257 and 258:
Paul and Love Richard A. Burridge h
Page 259 and 260:
which they reproduce what was moral
Page 261 and 262:
sexual immorality, impurity, and gr
Page 263 and 264:
1. The Placement of the Discussion
Page 265 and 266:
29-34: Arguments from Christian exp
Page 267 and 268:
such things - what will persuade us
Page 269 and 270:
It is not obvious, then, that the r
Page 271 and 272:
15:22-23: For just as in Adam all d
Page 273 and 274:
In the passages above it does seem
Page 275 and 276:
A number of scholars further unders
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people) and σώμα (as the body o
Page 279 and 280:
Paul’s strenuous argument for the
Page 281 and 282:
3. Rhetorical Entextualisation In c
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κενὴ καὶ ἡ πίστις
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16: ψυχικὸς δὲ ἄνθρ
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A Challenge: Join the Dead So chapt
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have no portion with God have funda
Page 291 and 292:
The Epicureans held, following Epic
Page 293 and 294:
Eusebius, Evangelical Preparation 1
Page 295 and 296:
they come out of thin air, so that
Page 297 and 298:
utilised in the New Testament in re
Page 299 and 300:
Thus it may be that alongside a den
Page 301 and 302:
led to actual or implied boasting:
Page 303 and 304:
counter this unwillingness with the
Page 305 and 306:
Conclusion There are three broad ar
Page 307 and 308:
fundamentally to Paul’s kerygma o
Page 309 and 310:
Chapters 1-4: Divisive Boasting Ove
Page 311 and 312:
Ancient Greco-Roman Literature (Gre
Page 313 and 314:
Plato. Platonis Opera. Edited by Jo
Page 315 and 316:
2006. Cited April 2009. Online: htt
Page 317 and 318:
Aune, David Charles. “Passions in
Page 319 and 320:
Academic Press, 1999. Carrez, M.
Page 321 and 322:
__________. The Defeat of Death: Ap
Page 323 and 324:
Fiori, B. “ ‘Covert Allusion’
Page 325 and 326:
__________. “Ecclesiology and Eth
Page 327 and 328:
__________. “Jesus’ death as pa
Page 329 and 330:
Lindemann, Andreas. Der erste Korin
Page 331 and 332:
Nicholl, Colin R. From Hope to Desp
Page 333 and 334:
Mark Wilson. Grand Rapids, Mich.: K
Page 335 and 336:
Schweitzer, Albert. The Mysticism o
Page 337 and 338:
Tinsley, E.J. The Imitation of God
Page 339:
Wills, Lawrence Mitchell. The Jewis
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