Technologies for intensification in SW Uganda ... - Foodnet - cgiar

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2. Agroecological Zones of Southwestern Uganda 2.1 Agroecological zones of southwestern Uganda Southwestern Uganda is home to over 3 million people living on about 14,500 km 2 of land, leading to an average population density of 287 people km -2 (see table 2.1). As mentioned in the first chapter, the densely populated area with bimodal rainfall, relatively fertile soil and in general moderate to good access to markets is well suited for intensification of all farming enterprises with only few potential conflict “hot spots” with protected areas. Uganda’s southwest exhibits a good number of common features: bimodal rainfall, hilly terrain, relatively productive soils, moderate to high Table 2.1: Area and population data of southwestern Districts Uganda total area [sqkm] settled area * [sqkm] total estim. population by 2001 population density Kisoro 730 702 260,000 370 Kabale 1,827 1,779 642,000 361 Rukungiri / Kanungu 2,752 2,583 584,000 226 Ntungamo 2,055 2,012 417,000 207 Bushenyi 4,026 3,656 805,000 220 Kasese 3,206 1,207 409,500 339 Total 14,596 11,939 3,117,500 Average 287.3 * = total area – National Parks - Lakes population density etc. However, local climate, soil and terrain interacted with farmers’ traditions, preferences and markets, results in varied agricultural systems and land-use practices (Wortmann and Eledu 1999). Aggregation of these farming systems can be conducted at various scales. At national level, NARO bases its agricultural research and development work on 12 zones for the whole country of which 3 are present in the southwest: the southern and western highlands and the southern lowlands. The areas suitable for intensification are however the highland areas. For this study in the southwest of Uganda we found the farming systems delineation (33 for Uganda) described by Wortmann and Eledu (1999) particularly useful. A summarized description of the systems in the southwest is found in figure 2.1. Wortmann and Eledu considered three climatic variables, six soil variables, two population variables, four land-use types and ten food crops for the delineation. For planners with district-level responsibilities, this aggregation is still too coarse and various forms of district farming system maps were found or easily produced by the district extension staff. Two examples are presented in figure 2.2. The southwest of Uganda is characterized by the Kigezi and Rwenzori mountain ranges separated by the Western Rift Valley. From the north to the south, average altitude increases from 1235 m.a.sl. to 2169 m.a.sl., which influences temperature and rainfall regimes. Most land in southwestern Uganda is under household control (save for large portions of wetlands and some hilltops) and 80-90% is permanently held (the rest are seasonal rentals). Average farm sizes are from 1 to 2 hectares with half of the permanent plots being purchased and half being inherited (Bamwerinde and Place, 2000). A key feature is that households have many scattered plots throughout the landscape, averaging 8-10 in Kabale District. Rights are mainly with men, though some women buy land.
20: Rwenzori Footslopes and Fort Portal 2551 km 2 ; 1368 m.a.s.l.; >20 o C; > 1200 mm year -1 ; 214 persons km 2 Land-use: farmland 63%; woodland 29%;grassland: 7%; wetland; 1 % Soils: The soils of volcanic origin are often sandy. Below the forest line of the mountains the footslopes have sandy clay and clay loam soils, developed from non-volcanic parent material which are of moderate fertility. Soil erodibility is low and rainfall erosivity is moderate. Main food crops: Banana 79,644 ha, Maize 6,599 ha, Bean 14,529 ha Main cash crops: Coffee ; Tea 21: Kasese transition zone 1097 km 2 ; 1235 m.a.s.l.; >20 o C; 1000-1200 mm year -1 ; 260 persons km 2 Land-use: farmland:51%; woodland: 37%; grassland: 12 % Soils: Soil characteristics vary a good deal. Generally, soil erodibility is very low to low and rainfall erosivity is low. Main food crops: Banana 36,647 ha; Maize6,599 ha; Beans 5,404 ha Main cash crops: Cotton 30: Bushenyi – N.Rukungiri Farmlands 1505 km 2 ; 1593 m.a.s.l.;
Page 1 and 2: REPORT ON A SURVEY TO IDENTIFY SUIT
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Area and
Page 7 and 8: 1. Introduction 1.1 Background USAI
Page 9 and 10: the intensification of agriculture.
Page 11: development options to support deve
Page 15 and 16: Wood products from forests, plantat
Page 17 and 18: Table 2.3: Food crops in Southweste
Page 19 and 20: The intensity of agricultural exten
Page 21 and 22: years, reported by Bolwig et. al (2
Page 23 and 24: movements as other areas. This may
Page 25 and 26: matoke, for instance. Aside from su
Page 27 and 28: o Input availability, costs and kno
Page 29 and 30: ange of niches for production of co
Page 31 and 32: Description is a brief description
Page 33 and 34: personnel, and farmers. Data on mar
Page 35 and 36: Enhanced productivity Quantity Qual
Page 37 and 38: Cash inputs required Land inputs re
Page 39 and 40: 4. Technology inventory To generate
Page 41 and 42: Table 4.2: Annual crops in SW Ugand
Page 43 and 44: Improved maize varieties are availa
Page 45 and 46: African Growth and Opportunities Ac
Page 47 and 48: Coffee (arabica) This crop thrives
Page 49 and 50: o Citrus: can best be grown at alti
Page 51 and 52: A major problem is lack of continuo
Page 53 and 54: o Many interventions in natural res
Page 55 and 56: in the southwest, but it is used pr
Page 57 and 58: Description Technology Environmenta
Page 59 and 60: Description 1. Contour hedgerows Te
Page 61 and 62: Description Wetland farming Farm wo
Page 63 and 64:
delineate areas where new technolog
Page 65 and 66:
Overall, there is little scope for
Page 67 and 68:
• Local leaders and farmers are a
Page 69 and 70:
5.2.4 What next ? To make options f
Page 71 and 72:
These biological conservation measu
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We did observe examples of these du
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• Dual-purpose goats (produce mil
Page 77 and 78:
ulking and distribution while with
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NARO 2001: Scientific Conference
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Technologies for intensification in SW Uganda ... - Foodnet - cgiar

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