Technologies for intensification in SW Uganda ... - Foodnet - cgiar

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homestead are feasible and these technologies can be well integrated with the ones mentioned below. • Improved fallows with suitable shrubs are being researched on-farms and preliminary results show attractive technical and economic response. This technology fits well on exhausted land, such as the upper parts of bench terraces. Continued adaptive research, particularly on the labour aspect and gradual promotion of this technology is warranted. • On more degraded sites, rotational woodlots with suitable trees are an option under onfarm research. On degraded sites, the opportunity costs are low. About 10% of the cropped land is considered by farmer to be degraded to an extent that cropping is no longer an option. These degraded hilltops and slopes are suitable for the rotational woodlots. • Instead of attempting to rehabilitate the degraded land, alternative land-uses such as woodlots for timber, medicine and others could be considered. Even fruit trees seem to produce on degraded land as long as a large planting hole is dug and filled with a good soil mixture (manure). • Inorganic inputs (fertilizer) are important inputs to supplement the above organic measures. Phosphorus and potassium can often not be supplied in sufficient quantities through organic inputs. With high input costs and low farmgate prices for most commodities the use of fertilizer is only economical on higher-value crops. • Although rainfall is fairly high and evaporation relatively low, irrigation is considered important by farmers and local leaders to ‘insure’ other inputs against the vagaries of weather. Manual pumps and water harvesting are proposed as smaller scale interventions. Feasibility of additional gravity irrigation schemes requires further investigations. Wetlands have been used for considerable time for horticulture based on (residual) soil moisture. Not all wetlands are suitable, because of flooding, low pH and others while others have a high conservation potential or provide highly important hydrological services. There is need for rational evaluation and demarcation of wetlands suitable for horticulture and those that should be under conservation. Overall, there are some key areas requiring consideration and support to improve the management of agricultural resources: • Landscape level interventions, such as watershed management should support and make use of decentralization. Information exchange through exchange tours, introducing simple, participatory planning tools are key activities. • Nurseries are required for most tree-based innovations. A key concern here is that the ideal management of these nurseries depends on the trees to be produced. While some, like many of the shrubs used for contour hedgerows, fodder and improved fallows can be raised in a similar manner as vegetables in small beds on the farms; others such as fruit trees or difficult to propagate high-value tree species may need specialized nurseries including some quality-control mechanisms. Further, none of these nurseries require free handouts, despite seed. The average farm has all inputs and tools for a small, simple shrub / tree nursery and a commercial nursery may require credit but no handouts. Diversity of the trees raised based on the seed available, as well as the quality of the seed and planting materials are key concerns. • Seed multiplication is therefore an issue that –like nurseries- requires diverse approaches. Again, some seed is simple to multiply and emphasis should be on training, 70
ulking and distribution while with more delicate seed and planting materials initial emphasis is on adaptive research, training and quality control. 71
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REPORT ON A SURVEY TO IDENTIFY SUIT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS
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LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Area and
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1. Introduction 1.1 Background USAI
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the intensification of agriculture.
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development options to support deve
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20: Rwenzori Footslopes and Fort Po
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Wood products from forests, plantat
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Table 2.3: Food crops in Southweste
Page 19 and 20:
The intensity of agricultural exten
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years, reported by Bolwig et. al (2
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movements as other areas. This may
Page 25 and 26: matoke, for instance. Aside from su
Page 27 and 28: o Input availability, costs and kno
Page 29 and 30: ange of niches for production of co
Page 31 and 32: Description is a brief description
Page 33 and 34: personnel, and farmers. Data on mar
Page 35 and 36: Enhanced productivity Quantity Qual
Page 37 and 38: Cash inputs required Land inputs re
Page 39 and 40: 4. Technology inventory To generate
Page 41 and 42: Table 4.2: Annual crops in SW Ugand
Page 43 and 44: Improved maize varieties are availa
Page 45 and 46: African Growth and Opportunities Ac
Page 47 and 48: Coffee (arabica) This crop thrives
Page 49 and 50: o Citrus: can best be grown at alti
Page 51 and 52: A major problem is lack of continuo
Page 53 and 54: o Many interventions in natural res
Page 55 and 56: in the southwest, but it is used pr
Page 57 and 58: Description Technology Environmenta
Page 59 and 60: Description 1. Contour hedgerows Te
Page 61 and 62: Description Wetland farming Farm wo
Page 63 and 64: delineate areas where new technolog
Page 65 and 66: Overall, there is little scope for
Page 67 and 68: • Local leaders and farmers are a
Page 69 and 70: 5.2.4 What next ? To make options f
Page 71 and 72: These biological conservation measu
Page 73 and 74: We did observe examples of these du
Page 75: • Dual-purpose goats (produce mil
Page 79: NARO 2001: Scientific Conference
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