Inoculum 56(4) - Mycological Society of America

Maryland 20705, USA, 3 1089 A Street, Arcata, California 95521, USA,
4 Kanawapai Village, Upper I, Guyana. twh5@humboldt.edu. Edible mushrooms
used by the Patamona Amerindians of Guyana.
Mushrooms are a seasonally important food for the indigenous Patamona
Amerindians of the rain-forested Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana. In collaboration
with the Patamona, we have documented at least 17 species of edible fleshy
fungi. The majority of these fungi are undescribed species, and many are ectomycorrhizal
associates of leguminous Dicymbe spp. (Caesalpiniaceae). A number
of these fungi belong to groups that are infrequently collected for the table by
North Americans (e.g., Clavulinaceae, Sarcoscyphaceae, Amanitaceae) whereas
groups which contain highly prized culinary mushrooms by north temperate standards
(e.g., Cantharellaceae) are shunned by the Patamona. The Patamona have
incorporated mushrooms into their pantheon of edible wild foods. The breadth of
wild organisms in other taxonomic groups (e.g. vertebrates, invertebrates, plants)
used by the subsistence Patamona is wide, and mushrooms appear to play a seasonally
important dietary role. Ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with regionallyrestricted
Dicymbe spp. present a unique fungal resource to the Patamona, previously
unrecorded in Amazonian ethnomycology. The fact that not all locally
available edible mushrooms are utilized by the Patamona may reflect the evolving
state of their knowledge regarding mushrooms, in which known edible species
are condoned and others remain unknown, and therefore taboo. poster
Henkel, Terry W. 1 *, James, Tim Y. 2 , Miller, Steven L. 3 , Aime, M. Catherine 4 and
Miller, Orson K., Jr. 5 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University,
Arcata, CA 95521, USA, 2 Department of Biology, Duke University,
Durham, NC 27708, USA, 3 Department of Botany, University of Wyoming,
Laramie, WY, USA, 4 USDA-ARS, Systematic Botany and Mycology Lab,
Beltsville, MD, USA, 5 Virginia Polytechnic & St. University, P.O. Box 858, Mc-
Call ID 83638, USA. twh5@humboldt.edu. The mycorrhizal status of Pseudotulostoma
volvata (Elaphomycetaceae, Eurotiales, Ascomycota).
Pseudotulostoma volvata O.K. Mill. & T. W. Henkel is a morphologically
unusual member of the otherwise hypogeous Elaphomycetaceae due to its epigeous
habit, and its spore-bearing mazaedium borne on an elevated stalk at maturity.
Field observations and plot studies in Guyana indicated that P. volvata was
restricted to tropical rain forests dominated by ectomycorrhizal (EM) Dicymbe
corymbosa Spruce ex Benth. (Caesalpiniaceae), suggesting an EM nutritional
mode for the fungus. An EM status for P. volvata would corroborate its placement
in the ectotrophic Elaphomycetaceae. Here we confirm the EM status of P. volvata
with a combination of morphological, molecular, and mycosociological data.
contributed presentation
Herrera, Jose*, Omodon, Melvin E. and Dillavou, Clayton. Division of Science, 100
E. Normal, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA. jherrera@truman.edu.
Assessment of fungal infection on borate-treated cellulose insulation.
Cellulose insulation has rapidly gained a large market share among home
builders and buyers. Recent concern regarding health effects of high concentrations
of fungi within indoor environments (“sick building syndrome”) has promoted
concern about susceptibility of building materials including wood products
(in general), and cellulose insulation (specifically) to fungal attack. This study reports
a decrease or absence of fungal infection in cellulose insulation made from
recycled paper and treated with varying concentrations of sodium polyborate
(Boron 10TM; CAS # 183290-63-3) within ?-scale wall units exposed to variable
and high ambient temperatures and relative humidities throughout the summer.
Our results suggest that cellulose insulation treated with sodium polyborate almost
completely eliminated five common fungal species sprayed onto cellulose
within the wall units and is likely having a cytotoxic or sporocidal effect on many,
if not all, fungal species. These results suggest that cellulose insulation treated
with sodium polyborate, when properly applied and installed, is resistant to fungal
infection for at least 124d at high temperatures and relative humidities. poster
Hibbett, David S.* and Costanzo, Janine. Biology Department, Clark University,
Worcester MA 01610, USA. dhibbett@black.clarku.edu. Measuring fungal discovery:
a survey of recent progress in the homobasidiomycetes.
Fungal systematists face the daunting challenge of describing all the species
of the Mycota on Earth. Fungal ecologists have traditionally been consumers of
taxonomic research, which provides them with tools for identification. In recent
years, however, fungal molecular ecologists have started to make their own unique
contributions to the discovery of biodiversity. We are surveying depositions of ITS
and nuc-lsu rDNA sequences of homobasidiomycetes to GenBank in an attempt to
quantify the acquisition of sequences, and the contribution of environmental studies
to the discovery of new species. There are about 8000 homobasidiomycete ITS
sequences in GenBank, of which 96% were deposited since 1998. In 2004, about
660 ITS sequences of homobasidiomycetes were deposited, and 11% of these were
from environmental studies. About 10% of the environmental sequences were less
than 90% identical to sequences that were in GenBank at the time that they were
deposited. Data for nuc-lsu rDNA are comparable. To complete the catalog of extant
fungal diversity, it will be necessary to integrate the data emerging from environmental
studies with those produced by traditional taxonomy. This will require
new phyloinformatics tools, as well as changed attitudes about the requirements for
species description. contributed presentation
MSA ABSTRACTS
Higgins, K. Lindsay 1 *, Arnold, A. Elizabeth 1,2 , Miadlikowska, Jolanta 1 and Lutzoni,
François 1 . 1 Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708,
USA 2 Division of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Department of Plant Sciences,
University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. klh15@duke.edu. Diversity,
species composition, and evolution of fungal endophytes across three
major plant lineages.
Although associated with all plants, fungal endophytes represent an unknown
proportion of fungal diversity, and little is known about the phylogenetic
affinity of these symbiotic microfungi. To date, most surveys of endophytes associated
with foliage have focused on the temperate zone, such that boreal and
arctic endophytes are poorly known. We used a culture-based approach to survey
endophytic fungi from healthy photosynthetic tissues of three host species (Huperzia
sp., Picea mariana, and Dryas octopetala) representing three major lineages
of land plants (lycophytes, conifers, and angiosperms, respectively) in boreal
and arctic sites. Phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear large and small ribosomal
subunits (LSUrDNA, SSUrDNA) were used to examine the diversity, phylogenetic
placement, and host affinity of forty-six endophyte species, which represented
all major lineages of nonlichenized, filamentous Ascomycota. Special
focus was placed on endophytes which, based on preliminary BLAST searches of
nrITS data, appeared to represent the Dothideomycetidae, a lineage of particular
interest because it contains endophytes as well as many plant pathogens. Together,
these data provide evidence for greater than expected diversity of endophytes
at high-latitude sites, and provide a framework for assessing the evolution of these
poorly known but ubiquitous symbionts of living plants. poster
Hirooka, Yuuri*, Kobayashi, Takao and Natsuaki, Keiko, T. Lab. of Tropical
Plant Protection, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1, Sakuragaoka, Setagayaku,
Tokyo 156-8502, Japan. 70040001@nodai.ac.jp. Re-examination of Nectria
sensu lato in Japan.
Bionectria (Ascomycetes, Hypocreales) has white to yellow perithecia, 1septete
ascospores and Clonostachys anamorph. In Japanese mycoflora, this
genus includes B. bysicola, B. capitata, B. compactiuscula, B. epichloë, B. oblongispora,
B. ochroleuca and B. pseudostriata. In this study, one new species of
Bionectria sp. h116 and its anamorph Clonostachys sp. h116 on dead twigs were
collected in Okinawa and Kagoshima Pref. Surface of ascospore was warts
arranged in striate. Present taxa, Bionectria species with warts arranged in striate
was only B. pseudostriata Schroers (Anamorph: C. pseudostriata Schroers) from
Schroers (2001). However, Bionectria sp. h116 and its anamorph differed from B.
pseudostriata (Anamorph: C. pseudostriata) in the surface structure of perithecia
[warted vs. smooth], color of perithecia [whitish-orange vs. orange-brown to
brown], size of ascospores [15-21 X 5-7.5 µm vs. 9-17 X 3-6 µm], and size of
conidia [3-16 X 2-4 µm vs. 3.6-8 X 2-3.8 µm]. This species belongs to the subgenus
Bionectria (Schroers 2001). Two other species of this genus also have been
collected from Japan for the first time; B. grammicospora Schroers & Samuels
(Anamorph: C. grammicospora Schroers & Samuels) in Miyagi Pref. and B.
sporodochialis Schroers (Anamorph: C. sporodochialis Schroers) in various parts
of Japan. poster
Hirose, Dai. Graduate school of life and environmental science, University of
Tsukuba, Sugadaira Montane Research Center, Sugadaira, Nagano 386-2201,
Japan. daihiro@sugadaira.tsukuba.ac.jp. Ecology of ectomycorrhizal fungi:
population structure and biogeography.
Population structures of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi in various ecosystems
have been studied extensively using molecular ecological methods. These
studies have showed the propagation manners of various ECM fungi in natural
ecosystems. It is important to select a proper fungal species in studying the population
of ECM fungi, since a host tree is always associated with diverse ECM
fungi. We have studied the ecology of Suillus pictus which colonizes and forms
ectomycorrhizas on fine roots of Japanese five-needled pine species. This fungus
is suitable for the study of population ecology of ECM fungi. The reasons are as
follows. (1) It is a dominant ECM fungus colonizing on fine roots of the pine
species, (2) forms macroscopic tubercle mycorrhizas which can be easily identified
and isolated, and (3) has a narrow host range in nature like as other Suillus
spp. that have been widely studied from ecological and ecophysiological view
points. In addition, the host pines are distributed in relatively high altitude places
in isolation in Japan. We studied following subjects on this fungus: (1) its host
range in experimental conditions, (2) distribution pattern in a plantation stand, (3)
population structures in natural forest stands, and (4) comparison of local populations
in Japan. Based on the results of these studies, we discuss ecological characteristics
of S. pictus, and its biogeography. symposium presentation
Hirotoshi, Sato 1 *, Takakazu, Yumoto 2 and Noriaki, Murakami 1 . 1 Lab of Plant
Taxonomy and Evolution, Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science,
Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto,
606-8502 Japan, 2 Research Institute of Humanity and Nature, National Institutes
for the Humanities, Inter-University Research Institute Corporation, 335
Takashima-cho, Marutamachi-dori Kawaramachi nishi-iru, Kyoto 602-0878,
Japan. kuritake@fj8.so-net.ne.jp. Cryptic species and host specificity in the ec-
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