Inoculum 56(4) - Mycological Society of America

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MSA ABSTRACTS Okada, Gen 1 *, Takematsu, Akiko 1 , Ogawa, Hiroyuki 2 , Wakabayashi, Keiko 2 , Goto, Keiichi 2 , Attili de Angelis, Derlene 3 and Canhos, Vanderlei P. 3 1 Microbe Division / Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, 2 Laboratory of Beverage Development, Food Research Laboratories, Mitsui Norin Co., Ltd., 223-1 Miyahara, Fujieda, Shizuoka 426-0133, Japan, 3 Andre Tosello Foundation, Rua Latino Coelho, 1301, Campinas 1889, SP, Brazil. okada@jcm.riken.jp. Undescribed anamorphic basidiomycete producing white synnemata and dikaryotic blastoconidia. White synnematous hyphomycete with basidiomycetous affinities was collected and isolated from dead inflorescence of palm (Phoenix rupicola) in Sao Paulo, Brazil on October 1993 (Specimens GO 1675 & 1676; cultures JCM 12448 & 12449). Synnemata were white and indeterminate with parallel stipe and loose fertile zone. Hyphae were hyaline, septate, and lacking clamp connections. Conidia were produced blastically in dry chain, hyaline, non-septate, subglobose, and dikaryotic. Conidiogenesis superficially looks like those of the anamorphs of Botryobasidium: (e.g., Haplotrichum, Parahaplotrichum), though the hyphae and conidia were completely hyaline and thin-walled. Based on 18S and 28S (D1/D2) rDNA sequence data, however, the fungus probably belongs to the Sebacinales phylogenetically far from Botryobasidium. Although its phylogenetic position has not yet decided clearly, we think that a new genus should be established for this undescribed anamorphic basidiomycete. poster Okane, Izumi* and Nakagiri, Akira. Biological Resource Center (NBRC), Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, 2- 5-8, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan. okane-izumi@nite.go.jp. Studies on xylariaceous fungi from plant leaves and other substrates. Xylariaceous fungi are known mainly as decomposers of angiosperms, and a few species have been reported to be plant pathogens. Some species have been found to live within living plant tissues, and considered as important endophytes. In this study, we surveyed diversity of the xylariaceous fungi from symptomless leaves of various vascular plants. Some strains were obtained from the fruit bodies on the pieces of wood, soil, and the nests of termites to investigate the wide range of xylariaceous fungi. We carried out taxonomical studies on isolates from leaves and other substrates by investigating morphology and molecular phylogeny. As a result, a sequence analysis based on the ITS regions of rDNA showed that the isolates from leaves were separated into two groups, namely Nemania and Xylaria clades, and two isolates from a nest of termite were included in the former clade. A cluster in the Nemania clade consisted of many isolates from various plants (evergreen-woody plants, orchids and pteridophytes) and two strains of Nemania bipapillata, whose data were derived from DNA database. All isolates from leaves in the cluster were similar in their colony appearances on media. These results suggested that most of the xylariaceous fungi inhabiting various vascular plants belong to the genus Nemania and Xylaria. It was confirmed that some species behave as not only saprophytes, but also endophytes. Fresh plants and termite-living environment must be important materials to investigate on biodiversity of xylariaceous fungi. poster Okazaki, Koei* and Niwa, Osami. Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan. kokazaki@kazusa.or.jp. Molecular mechanisms for the conjugate division: analysis using the fission yeast dikaryon. Many basidiomycetes use clamp connection to maintain the two different nuclei during mitotic division. However, the dikaryons of some basidiomycetes such as Ustilago maydis and ascogenous hyphae of the filamentous ascomycetes do not form the clamp connection. This suggests that basic mechanisms for the conjugate division underlie before the clamp connection have evolved. We found that the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe could propagate as a dikaryon in a manner to guarantee maintaining heterokaryon. Using this model organism and video microscopy, we are now analyzing the mechanism for nuclear pairing, communication between the two mitotic spindles, coupling of the two mitotic spindles to the single cytokinetic ring, and other mechanisms for dikaryon. We identified the minus-end directed kinesin as a motor protein responsible for nuclear pairing. Without this kinesin, the binucleated cell underwent mitosis and septation at two distant places, which produced a central binucleated cell and two monokaryons at the ends. The septation initiation network (SIN) proteins are known to localize asymmentrically at the spindle poles. Distribution of Cdc7, a member of SIN, suggested that the two spindles are arranged in a head-to-head orientation. poster Okuda, Toru 1 * and Bennett, Joan W. 2 1 Tamagawa University Research Institute, 6- 1-1 Tamagawa-Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-0041, Japan, 2 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA. torula@lab.tamagawa.ac.jp. Exhibition of Dr. Jokichi Takamine sponsored by Sankyo Co., Ltd. (APPENDIX to Special Symposium on Industrial Mycology). Filamentous fungi in the genus Aspergillus are involved in our daily life. Koji mold, A. oryzae is used for producing miso, soy sauce and sake by growing the fungus on steamed rice. Currently, Aspergillus is applied to the production of various enzymes and organic acids. Enzymes are particularly essential for industrial production of cereal food, detergents, forest products, textiles, feed, and beverages. Dr. Jokichi Takamine for the first time applied the enzymatic activity of 46 Inoculum 56(4), August 2005 A. oryzae to modern industry. A hundred years ago, he recognized the diastatic activity of A. oryzae, patented the first microbial enzyme in USA, and launched Taka-diastase. The substance is still sold today as a digestive aid. He then hired Dr. Uenaka and together they isolated adrenalin (epinephrine), the first modern wonder drug. Dr. Takamine became increasingly wealthy, developed strong trade positions in several Japanese industries, and founded three companies including Sankyo Co. in Tokyo. As a private diplomat between US and Japan, he helped defray the cost of the now famous cherry trees planted in Washington, D. C. On this commemorative occasion of MSA/MSJ Joint Meeting, it is worthwhile to exhibit a number of historical photographs and materials related to Dr. Takamine, which are reproduced by the courtesy of The Great People of Kanazawa Memorial Museum in Kanazawa and Sankyo Co., Ltd., Japan. symposium presentation Ono, Yoshitaka. College of Education, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310- 8512, Japan. herb-iba@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp. Life cycle and host specificity in Ochropsora and Aplopsora species. Species in rust genera Aplopsora and Ochropsora are presumed to have a macrocyclic heteroecious life cycle; however, only O. ariae and O. kraunhiae have been proven to be heteroecious. None of Aplopsora species is known its full life cycle. Species in the two genera produce a sessile, one-celled, thin-walled probasidium (teliospore), producing a metabasidium without dormancy; and the two genera differ only in the mode of metabasidium production (germination of teliospores). However, the difference in the mode of metabasidium production is a matter of degree of apical elongation of the probasidium during maturation. Thus, the taxonomic separation of the two genera has been questioned. In addition, three species in a poorly circumscribed genus Cerotelium have been suggested to belong to Aplopsora because of the similarity in probasidium morphology and a mode of metabasidium production. These necessitate the revision of classification of Aplopsora, Ochropsora and their allies with species distinction by their life cycle and host specificity, i.e., circumscribing species by the reproductive isolation. Artificial inoculation experiments over ten years have revealed macrocyclic, heteroecious nature of the life cycle in two Aplopsora, one Ochropsora and one Cerotelium species in addition to two Ochropsora and one Cerotelium species, whose full life cycle was previously known. Thus, one Ochropsora and two Cerotelium species produces spermogonia/aecia on species of Corydalis/Dicentra (Fumariaceae), while spermogonia/ aecia of two Aplopsora and two Ochropsora species are produced on Anemone (Ranunculaceae). Each of the species has unique spermogonial/aecial host species. These results indicate that seven reproductively isolated species constitute a single genus with two subgroups that have differentiated in the spermogonial/aecial host preference during the course of evolution. symposium presentation Orihara, Takamichi 1 *, Sawada, Fumiko 2 , Ikeda, Shiho 3 , Yamato, Masahide 3 and Iwase, Koji 3 . 1 Dept. For. Sci., Fac. Agr., Kyoto Pref. Univ., 1-5 Shimogamohangi cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan, 2 2-11-12 Tsujido-taiheidai, Fujisawa 251-0044, Japan. 3 Biol. Environ. Inst., KANSO Technos Co., Ltd., 8-4 Ujimatafuri, Uji 611-0021, Japan. h_-berg-_f@io.ocn.ne.jp. Taxonomical reconsideration of Octaviania columellifera (Japanese name, jagaimo-take) and its phylogenetic relationship to Boletaceae. The semi-secotioid truffle-like fungus, Octaviania columellifera (Japanese name, jagaimo-take, literally means potato fungus) is an endemic species in Japan. It was originally described by Dr. Yoshio Kobayashi in 1936, but, since then, has not been authentically described. On the other hand, it has been suspected that the species which was described under the name of Octaviania asterosperma (Japanese name, Kurama-no-jagaimo-take, literally means potato fungus in Kurama) since 1972 in Japan corresponds to O. columellifera. It was clarified in this study that these two species are identical, by examining ITS regions of the nuclear rDNA as well as other chemical, morphological and ecological features. It was also revealed that the species is phylogenetically close to some groups in Boletaceae. Moreover, O. columellifera was placed in different lineage from other O. spp. in Boletales. In case of chemical reactions, the change of the length of the spore ornamentation in various reagents, which was previously described in Octavianina cyanescens (Trappe & Castellano, 2000), was also recognized, although this finding might be inconsistent to the results of molecular analysis. poster Osono, Takashi. Laboratory of Forest Ecology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502, Japan. fujijun@kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp. Role of phyllosphere fungi of forest trees in the development of decomposer communities and decomposition processes of leaf litter. The phyllosphere is the living leaf as a whole and includes the surface (phylloplane) and internal tissue. Phyllosphere fungi include epiphytes and endophytes that colonize the phylloplane and internal tissue, respectively, of living leaves. Phyllosphere fungi have been reported from a variety of plants including forest tree species. They have been studied intensively in terms of their ecological relationships with plants and other microorganisms on living leaves. In contrast, the ecology of phyllosphere fungi on leaf litter has received little attention even though they occur on various litters at initial stages of decomposition. At the leaf death, phyllosphere fungi can persist and have the advantage of gaining access to Continued on following page
substrates in leaf litter prior to fungi that colonize after litter fall. Thus, phyllosphere fungi may have certain roles as saprophytes in the development of decomposer fungal communities and in decomposition processes of leaf litter. In this study, I review the role of phyllosphere fungi of forest trees, mainly temperate ones, in the development of decomposer communities and decomposition processes of leaf litter. Emphasis is placed on (1) occurrence of phyllosphere fungi on leaf litter, (2) origin and development of early colonizers, (3) succession and persistence until later stages of decomposition, (4) substrate utilization and decomposing ability, and (5) roles in the accumulation and decomposition of soil organic matter in forests. It is clear from the review that several of the common phyllosphere fungi are primarily saprotrophic litter-decomposing fungi and play significant roles in community development and decomposition processes. poster Ota, Yuko 1 *, Hattori, Tsutomu 1 and Banik, Mark T. 2 1 Hokkaido Forestry Research Institute, Higashiyama, Koshunai-cho, Bibai, Hokkaido 079-0198, Japan, 2 Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan. yuota@ffpri.affrc.go.jp. Characterization of the Laetiporus sulphureus complex in Japan using phylogenetic analyses, morphological characteristics and single spore isolate incompatibility. Phylogenetic analyses, morphological studies and incompatibility tests were conducted to define the taxa in the Japanese Laetiporus sulphureus complex. Phylogenetic analyses based on the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the nuclear ribosomal DNA and beta-tubulin gene suggest that Japanese Laetiporus spp. are divided into three groups (groups A-C). Single spore isolates from groups A, B and C were incompatible each other as well as with single spore isolates of 4 North American Laetiporus species. However, some inter-continental single spore combinations showed unclear reactions. ITS sequence analysis supports the differentiation of the Japanese groups from the North American species. A European population of L. sulphureus is also clearly distinct from the Japanese groups based on DNA analyses. Collections with in each Japanese group share similar morphological characteristics and host range (conifers vs. hardwoods). contributed presentation Otsuki, Kunihiko 1 *, Okada, Kazuhisa 1 , Kusumoto, Koji 2 and Sandou, Hideyuki 3 . 1 Wakayama Research Center of Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries, Forestry Experiment Station, 1504-1, Ikuma, Kamitonda-cho, Nishimuro-gun, Wakayama pref., Japan, 2 Kusumoto Koji Photo Office, 2059, Shingu, Shingu City, Wakayama pref., Japan, 3 Wakayama Prefectural Research Center of Environment and Public Health, 3-3-45, Sunayama-Minami, Wakayama City, Wakayama pref., Japan. otsuki_k0001@pref.wakayama.lg.jp. Ecological characterization of the luminous fungus Mycena lux-coeli in a southern part of the Kii peninsula of Japan. Mycena lux-coeli is a fascinating luminous fungus that has been found in several discrete areas of Japan, e.g. the Izu islands, the Ogasawara islands, a southern part of the Kii peninsula and Kyushu. We have investigated ecological characteristics of the species in a southern part of the Kii peninsula, the largest area of its habitat distribution. The area of distribution extends about 80 kilometers along the coast, including one city and seven towns. The main habitats are coastal broadleafed forests with big trees of Castanopsis cuspidata ver.sieboldii. The hosts are mostly Castanopsis cuspidata ver. sieboldii and exceptionally Elaeocarpus sylvestris ver. Ellipticus for two cases. The fruiting period in the years 2002 - 2004 was from May through October. At the beginning of the rainy season in early summer, numerous immature fruitbodies appeared suddenly and grew up in unison. Then many fruitbodies grew up one after another in succession. The immature fruitbodies opened their pilei and grew up into mature fruitbodies in 1 or 2 days. The period of the immature or mature fruitbody emitting relatively strong light was about 2 to 3 days. Thereafter the fruitbodies withered up in a period of 2 to 4 days while the light was getting weaker gradually. poster Padamsee, Mahajabeen 1 , Celio, Gail J. 1 , Dentinger, Bryn C. 1 , McLaughlin, David J. 1 , Hibbett, David S. 2 , Lutzoni, François 3 , Spatafora, Joseph W. 4 and Vilgalys, Rytas J. 3 . 1 Dept. of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA, 2 Biology Dept., Clark University, Worcester MA, USA, 3 Dept. of Biology, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, USA, 4 Dept. of Botany & Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA. pada0003@umn.edu. Phylogenetic exploration and data-mining of the AFTOL non-molecular database. Subcellular characters have been shown to be phylogenetically informative at phylum and lower taxon levels. Septa, polar structures, and nuclear characters from the Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life non-molecular database were used to evaluate evolutionary relationships between selected taxa. Our methods involved separate analyses of septa and nucleus associated characters within and among phyla. We explored various effects of using character manipulations and constraint trees on the tree topology and measurements. Using septal characters in an analysis of the Basidiomycota, character selection was effective in reconstructing the known phylogeny based on molecular data. These analyses allow us to explore character evolution and help reevaluate character coding and description. contributed presentation MSA ABSTRACTS Palmer, Jonathan M.* and Volk, Thomas J. Dept. Biology, University of Wisconsin - La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA. palmer.jona@students.uwlax.edu. Molecular characterization of mycorrhizal fungi associated with a disjunct stand of American chestnuts (Castanea dentata) in Wisconsin. Circa 1900 a farmer from Pennsylvania planted eleven American chestnut (Castanea dentata) seeds on a new farm near West Salem in the “driftless” area of western Wisconsin. Since they are well out of the natural range of chestnut, the trees were free from chestnut blight, caused by Cryphonectria parasitica, until 1988. This stand of trees affords an excellent opportunity to study mycorrhizal fungi associated with the chestnuts. Our major question to be answered is “Have the local fungi adapted to grow on or with the chestnuts, or have chestnut specific fungi ‘found’ the disjunct stand?” Fungal fruiting bodies have been collected and identified to species for the past three seasons from the chestnut site, as well as from two local “control” sites. Over 700 collections have been identified to species, about 75 being putatively mycorrhizal with chestnut. Since many mycorrhizal fungi rarely fruit, a below-ground study of the mycorrhizal community was done using PCR/RFLP analysis and DNA sequencing techniques. Although most seem to be local fungi, we have found examples of fungi besides Cryphonectria that have found the chestnut stand, including Ciboria americana, specific to chestnut burs, and Fistulina hepatica, both otherwise unknown from western Wisconsin. These data will be used in efforts to return chestnuts to their former dominance in their native Appalachian range. poster Park, Chae H.* and Jung, Hack S. Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea. minervas@snu.ac.kr. Phylogeographic study of Irpex lacteus using ITS sequences and f-AFLP markers. Irpex lacteus is one of the most common polypores and is widely distributed as a saprotroph on dead wood in Korea. For the analysis of I. lacteus populations from five provinces and three islands of Korea, genetic structure and phylogeographic pattern were examined using nuclear ribosomal ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences and f-AFLP fingerprinting markers. Phylogenetic trees constructed by ITS sequences and f-AFLP markers respectively indicated that the isolates of I. lacteus from different geographical habitats were not so variable. The present geographical distribution of I. lacteus was dominantly influenced by the dispersal of basidiospores, while ecological habitat differences did not seem to be so important in determining the genetic structure of the species. Although two phylogenetic trees showed incongruent topologies each other, the tree generated by f- AFLP markers developed more resolution for the phylogenetic relationships of I. lacteus isolates, suggesting that the analysis using multiple loci is more useful to discriminate closely related taxa. poster Park, Ju-Young 1 *, Inaba, Shigeki 1 , Mangunwardoyo, Wibowo 2 , Kanti, Atit 3 , Widyastuti, Yantyati 3 and Ando, Katsuhiko 1 . 1 NITE Biological Resource Center (NBRC), Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE), 2-5-8, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu-shi, Chiba Pref., 292-0818, Japan, 2 University of Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia, 3 Indonesian Institute of Science, Jalan Ir. H. Juanda 18, Bogor 16002, Indonesia. pakujyuyon@nite.go.jp. New and interesting fungi isolated in Indonesia. Tropical rain forests contain more than a half of the total species of the world’s entire biota, despite that they cover only 7% of the Earth’s terrestrial surface. In Indonesia, tropical rain forests occupy 57% of its territory, resulting in Indonesia to possess the world’s second largest tropical forest with rich biodiversity. To study microbial diversity in Indonesia, our institute has been collaborating with three Indonesian governmental institutes and two universities, namely BPPT, DEPTAN, LIPI, IPB and UI. In 2004, 51 soil and 35 litter samples were collected from three sampling sites in Indonesia, i.e. Purwodadi Botanical garden (East Java), Cibinong Science Center and its surrounding (West Java), and Bukit Sari Botanical Garden (Jambi, Sumatera). A total of 1,203 fungi were isolated from the soil samples using the dilution and UV irradiation methods and 160 fungi were isolated from the litter samples using the manipulation method, which were classified into 76 and 19 genera, respectively. Some of the new and interesting fungi are: (1) Bloxamia sp. which is characteristic of showing holoblastic development of thick-walled and dark brown chlamydospores; (2) Xenobotrytis acaducospora; (3) two interesting Aspergillus spp. showing 97% homology with A. anthodesmis in the D1/D2 region and characteristic of having big vesicles (up to 92.0 µm) and stipes trailed by mycelia. poster Park, Keun A.*, Kim, Kung M. and Jung, Hack S. Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea. minervas@snu.ac.kr. Phylogenetic analyses of Piptoporus based on ITS and 28S ribosomal DNA sequences. To study the phylogenetic relationships of Piptoporus, ITS and partial 28S regions of nuclear ribosomal RNA genes were sequenced from nine species of Piptoporus and ten related species. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that Piptoporus was heterogeneous and its members were divided into six distinct groups. Piptoporus betulinus (the type species of Piptoporus) was clustered with the Continued on following page Inoculum 56(4), November 2005 47
Page 1 and 2: Newsletter of the Mycological Socie
Page 3 and 4: Cordyceps Diversity in Korea Cordyc
Page 5 and 6: From the President’s Corner … D
Page 7 and 8: of fungal glucan synthesis. This in
Page 9 and 10: Barrett, Luke G., Thrall, Peter H.,
Page 11 and 12: one new IGS1 RFLP banding pattern f
Page 13 and 14: first contribution on the knowledge
Page 15 and 16: of diversity in the warm climes of
Page 17 and 18: nizing fungi on bay laurel, both ep
Page 19 and 20: munity of several arctic plants in
Page 21 and 22: and subantarctic regions and conduc
Page 23 and 24: the corresponding growth stages in
Page 25 and 26: Maryland 20705, USA, 3 1089 A Stree
Page 27 and 28: growth at 10 o C on potato-dextrose
Page 29 and 30: Johnston, Peter R. Landcare Researc
Page 31 and 32: esults have shown evidence of repro
Page 33 and 34: term survival of Aspergillus flavus
Page 35 and 36: species from each of the five Eumyc
Page 37 and 38: attack by spruce bark beetle (Dendr
Page 39 and 40: Matheny, P. Brandon Dept. of Biolog
Page 41 and 42: examine fungal communities associat
Page 43 and 44: data from four protein-coding genes
Page 45: Novick, Rachel S. Yale University,
Page 49 and 50: document remediation after flooding
Page 51 and 52: Sakai, Shunsuke 1a , Nishide, Tatsu
Page 53 and 54: strain was also discussed. The addi
Page 55 and 56: Stadler, Marc 1 *, Hellwig, Veronic
Page 57 and 58: on the telial hosts followed by rad
Page 59 and 60: glucosidase activity was higher com
Page 61 and 62: Upadhyay, Srijana, Long, Melissa an
Page 63 and 64: gon State University and downloaded
Page 65 and 66: transmission electron, and epifluor
Page 67 and 68: sequence of Monascus sp. BCRC 38072
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Page 71 and 72: MYCOLOGIST’S BOOKSHELF This issue
Page 73 and 74: MYCOLOGIST’S BOOKSHELF Previously
Page 75 and 76: Ascomycota of Sweden www.umu.se/myc
Page 77 and 78: inoculum The Newsletter of the Myco
Page 80: An Invitation to Join MSA THE MYCOL

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