5% - eTheses Repository - University of Birmingham

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Figure 2a-g. The Coanda-flapping event at a flow speed of 0.60m/s (Froude No.=0.6). In frame b) we see an increase in vertical velocity just after the crest (flow right to left) and a region of circulation comparable in height to the height of the bedform which is swept from the view field by frame g). Chapter 4
Figure 3a-j. The plates show particles transported by periodic flows caused by Coanda-flapping of the free shear layer. The particles (light spots on centreline, dark spots just off centre-line of the rig) have a fall speed of 0.034m/s and the depth-averaged flow speed is 0.31m/s. Chapter 4
Page 1 and 2:
FLUID-PARTICLE TRANSPORT DYNAMICS O
Page 3 and 4:
SYNOPSIS The local dynamics of sand
Page 5 and 6:
TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES C
Page 7 and 8:
CHAPTER 3: JETTING EXPERIMENTS Summ
Page 9 and 10:
2 Numerical scheme 6-5 3 Results 6-
Page 11 and 12:
LIST OF FIGURES Chapter 1 Figure 1.
Page 13 and 14:
U=830mm/s. Figure 16. Thomas et al
Page 15 and 16:
in the boundary layer. a) The forma
Page 17 and 18:
Chapter 3 Figure 1. After Alien (19
Page 19 and 20:
at various values of U/V from 2.7 t
Page 21 and 22:
y Coanda-flapping of the free shear
Page 23 and 24:
of a sandwave crest in the estuary
Page 25 and 26:
Figure 7h-i. The temporal fluctuati
Page 27 and 28:
inclined downwards whereas the time
Page 29 and 30:
starting position (X,Y) at zero ini
Page 31 and 32:
d Sand grain diameter (m) Fi Number
Page 33 and 34:
G Vortex core growth rate (tn/s) ki
Page 35 and 36:
1 INTRODUCTION Sand forms the botto
Page 37 and 38:
where U is the depth-averaged veloc
Page 39 and 40:
The wavelengths of dunes primarily
Page 41 and 42:
detached and then confined within a
Page 43 and 44:
The vortex radius rn and apparent w
Page 45 and 46:
Recent work by Nezu & Nakagawa (199
Page 47 and 48:
found in the outer streaks. 4 MODEL
Page 49 and 50:
(1987), for example, modelled gas-s
Page 51 and 52:
Profiles of shear stress and turbul
Page 53 and 54:
6ft v "' ' Re In the limit of large
Page 55 and 56:
that the particle radius was much s
Page 57 and 58:
and travels downstream at speed }*U
Page 59 and 60:
capture by transient large eddies s
Page 61 and 62:
Chapter 1 Figure 3. Alien (1984). L
Page 63 and 64:
Chapter 1 10 8 e 4 I 08 •- 02 Yal
Page 65 and 66:
Chapter 1 bw speed fluid Figure 11.
Page 67 and 68:
Chapter 1 Figure 16. Thomas et al (
Page 69 and 70:
Chapter 1 StCMl STRESS SCALE « K /
Page 71 and 72:
Chapter 1 Haiht Vdodty Figure 22. S
Page 73 and 74:
Chapter 1 Time = 1.2 2.4 ' ' :•
Page 75 and 76:
1 INTRODUCTION AND DESIGN CONSIDERA
Page 77 and 78:
Initial costing for a flume of the
Page 79 and 80:
flanges and a maximum flow rate of
Page 81 and 82:
could be wound above or below the l
Page 83 and 84:
4 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND METHODS He
Page 85 and 86:
4.2 Flow visualisation and model pa
Page 87 and 88:
any divergence from the beam and to
Page 89 and 90:
even flow over 0.45m width and up t
Page 91 and 92:
Chapter 2 Opt 1 h(m) 0.01 Max D(m)
Page 93 and 94:
Chapter 2 Part of side section Putt
Page 95 and 96:
Chapter 2 Suction tank Bypass Disch
Page 97 and 98:
Chapter 2 QUncorrectedflow £ Corre
Page 99 and 100:
Chapter 2 60 r 501 40? 30r 20 r lOr
Page 101 and 102:
1_ INTRODUCTION The main features o
Page 103 and 104:
2 EXPERIMENTAL METHODS A detailed d
Page 105 and 106:
the relationship is then simply ^ -
Page 107 and 108:
number about 0.14. They were taken
Page 109 and 110:
along the stoss slope. Figures 8 an
Page 111 and 112: 3.3a) Jetting trajectories when U/V
Page 113 and 114: errors increase substantially due t
Page 115 and 116: likely distributions. 4 DISCUSSION
Page 117 and 118: Our suggestion here is akin to that
Page 119 and 120: not accommodate the differing migra
Page 121 and 122: considered by proponents of numeric
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 3 C,;: Figure 3a-j. The pla
Page 125 and 126: Q CO 23 Figure 6. Distribution of p
Page 127 and 128: Chapter 3 X(cm) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1
Page 129 and 130: Chapter 3 U(m/s) V(m/s) U/V M1+M2 M
Page 131 and 132: O I r+ 21 CO 2 5 8 11 14 17 20 23 >
Page 133 and 134: 8 11 14 17 20 23 25 + Position Figu
Page 135 and 136: Chapter 3 U/V= B5.7 Q9.3 BlO.7^12.8
Page 137 and 138: Chapter 3 Band 1 2 3 4 U(m/s) 0.2 0
Page 139 and 140: 1 INTRODUCTION In chapter 3 we cons
Page 141 and 142: velocity for a maximum of 40% of th
Page 143 and 144: layer vortices extending over the d
Page 145 and 146: 2.2 Methods for measuring Coanda-fl
Page 147 and 148: Section 3.4 considers suspension fr
Page 149 and 150: This same flow structure has also b
Page 151 and 152: 3.2b) Effect of varying inter-crest
Page 153 and 154: those with fall speed 0.060m/s for
Page 155 and 156: 3.4 Particle capture from stoss slo
Page 157 and 158: are discussed in the context of est
Page 159 and 160: jetted grains settling to the lee s
Page 161: Chapter 4 ENTRAINED FLOW Figure 1.
Page 165 and 166: Chapter 4 Percentage occurrence •
Page 167 and 168: Chapter 4 Interval (s) 60 80 100 12
Page 169 and 170: Chapter 4 0.024m Conc=8% Figure 12.
Page 171 and 172: Chapter 4 Figure 16. A cloud of par
Page 173 and 174: 1 INTRODUCTION We use a Rankine vor
Page 175 and 176: effective particle fall speed in th
Page 177 and 178: particle velocity Vx=0. The initial
Page 179 and 180: the vortex axis. Vortex circulation
Page 181 and 182: dimensional fall times T^ for diffe
Page 183 and 184: horizontal component lift force (fi
Page 185 and 186: corresponds to the trajectory trave
Page 187 and 188: stepping the calculation in VT . Do
Page 189 and 190: averaged exclusion of the coherent
Page 191 and 192: C from figure 11 (ie 2.2) then we h
Page 193 and 194: PflRTICLE DENSITY=1000.000 Kg/n3 LI
Page 195 and 196: Chapter 5 ft) J k I Figure 4. Varyi
Page 197 and 198: Chapter 5 Relative Fall Time va Sta
Page 199 and 200: Chapter 5 Figure 7a. Trajectories o
Page 201 and 202: Chapter 5 Velocity X —Inertia X L
Page 203 and 204: Chapter 5 Velocity X —Velocity Y
Page 205 and 206: Chapter 5 Velocity Y Inertia Y Lift
Page 207 and 208: Chapter 5 DENSITY PARTICLE=2850.000
Page 209 and 210: Chapter 5 Rad = 0.006 Rad=0.003 Rad
Page 211 and 212: Chapter 5 H3 Y=0 Oy=i m Y=2 D-y=3
Page 213 and 214:
CHAPTER 6: NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF
Page 215 and 216:
next. If we now adopt the classical
Page 217 and 218:
st = (4) Where p p was the particle
Page 219 and 220:
3 RESULTS 3.1 Specified 6 and V Fig
Page 221 and 222:
the blue squares to double loops an
Page 223 and 224:
A0fl0 = 1.25V-0.33G-0.005 (7) and f
Page 225 and 226:
Conversely, the upper line of the p
Page 227 and 228:
equations. Such a discrete vortex m
Page 229 and 230:
Figure 1. Schematic of the shear la
Page 231 and 232:
Chapter 6 J G H K M Figure 3. Seven
Page 233 and 234:
Chapter 6 1 T V=0.161 0.1 -- V41185
Page 235 and 236:
Chapter 6 - DataV=0.0335, G=0.01
Page 237 and 238:
CHAPTER 7: RECAPITULATION AND RECOM
Page 239 and 240:
were shown to compare well with pre
Page 241 and 242:
We have shown Coanda-flapping makes
Page 243 and 244:
figure 5, was critically dependant
Page 245 and 246:
stoss slope suspension studies of c
Page 247 and 248:
Figure la-g. The seven trajectory m
Page 249 and 250:
Chapter 7
Page 251 and 252:
Chapter 7 0.0351 0.03 " 03 0.025 0.
Page 253 and 254:
Flow 16 (1) pp 19-34. Bernal LP (19
Page 255 and 256:
Mechanics of Sediment Transport. Is
Page 257 and 258:
turbulence near a smooth wall in a
Page 259 and 260:
moderate Reynolds number shear laye
Page 261 and 262:
Spalding (1961). A single formula f
Page 263 and 264:
USA. 1-12
Page 265 and 266:
APPENDIX 1: BOUNDARY LAYER STUDIES
Page 267 and 268:
(1967) used hydrogen bubble visuali
Page 269 and 270:
The burst-sweep dynamics study of U
Page 271 and 272:
Horseshoe vortex Vortex filament Ho
Page 273 and 274:
APPENDIX 2: FAST9003.HR(RW)/NHT - P
Page 275 and 276:
of the vorticity shed into the near
Page 277 and 278:
transport dynamics of multiphase fl
Page 279 and 280:
APPENDIX 3: FUNDAMENTAL NAVIER-STOK
Page 281 and 282:
APPENDIX 4: CLOSURE METHODS 1 ZERO
Page 283 and 284:
where cr k and CD are empirical con
Page 285 and 286:
K = CDe^ 2 p 2 \U2 -U1 \=e 1e 2 c (
Page 287 and 288:
APPENDIX 6: K-e MODEL OF JOHNS ET A
Page 289 and 290:
They then defined a hydrodynamic co
Page 291 and 292:
with respect to the rest of the vor
Page 293 and 294:
The vorticity equation can be split
Page 295 and 296:
around the crest and the motion of
Page 297 and 298:
micrometers, with mean of 80 microm
Page 299 and 300:
i——COMPARISON WITH PREVIOUS WOR
Page 301 and 302:
width speed (metres) ^(cm/s) 11 Fig
Page 303 and 304:
U (33) = 1.16ms-' Depth = 2.65 m Fi
Page 305 and 306:
APPENDIX 9 : DERIVATION OF FORCES O
Page 307 and 308:
APPENDIX 10 : MODEL CODE FOR CALCUL
Page 309 and 310:
APPENDIX 11: MODEL CODE FOR GROWING
Page 311:
105 if (scancode .eq. 57) stop GOTO
show all

5% - eTheses Repository - University of Birmingham

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?