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110 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 albidis; petalis 8 mm. longis, lamina 4 mm. longa, 5 mm. lata, apice grosse erosa; filamentis 1 mm. longis, basi pilosis pilis ad 2 ram. longis instructis; antheris 1.3 mm. longis; staminodiis longe penicillatis. Petals longer than the bracts and sepals, obovoid-cuneate, the blade abruptly narrowed to a long slender claw 4 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, lamina erose or toothed at apex with relatively coarse broad projections; ovary 2 mm. long; style filiform, 3 mm. long; style branches 3, filiform, 2 mm. long, tipped by slightly fimbrillate stigmas (Fig. 16, d-h). Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on swampy ground following streamlet, Gran Sabana, between Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayen northwest to Rio Karuai, on large mesa, state of Bolivar, alt. 1220 m., October 26, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 59336. This is a member of Sect. XXL of Malme (X. pilosae), and most closely related to X. globosa Alb. Nilsson of the upper Orinoco (Spruce 3244), near Esmeralda, Venezuela. It differs from X. globosa in the larger and more broadly ovoid heads with denser and longer hairs on the upper part of the bracts, in X globosa being shorter and more scattered, the dorsal area of the bracts less pointed at tip and relatively wider, the anthers exserted on conspicuous filaments, and the conspicuously long-penicillate staminodia. Xyris ptariana Steyermark, sp. nov. Caespitosa, robusta, elata; foliis manifeste distichis rigidis coriaceis, ensiformi-linearibus, quam scapo brevioribus, laevibus, aciebus acutis, apice falcato-incurvatis et obtusiusculis vel acutiusculis, valde nervoso-striatis, 12-20 cm. longis, 3-5 mm. lads, omnino glabris; vagina circiter dimidiam partem folii occupante, ligula distincte limitata, saepe recurvato-revoluta, eciliata, inferne castanea, nitida, 9-12 cm. longa, deorsum sensim dilatata; scapis rectis, superne ancipitibus et bicostatis, inferne unicostatis, laevibus, omnino glabris, 30-38 cm. longis, 1-1.2 mm. latis; spicis obovoideo-subglobosis, multifloris, 11-13 mm. longis, 5-10 mm. latis; bracteis subcoriaceis integerrimis, fuscis concoloribus praeter margines scariosos, nitidis, glabris, 5-8 infimis et exterioribus sterilibus parvisque oblongo-obovatis, 4-5 mm. longis, apice rotundatis vel obtusis, 6-7 intermediis superioribusque fertilibus late oblongis, 8-9 mm. longis, 4-5 mm. latis, sub apice rotundatis vel obtusis, emarginatis vel retusis; sepalis lateralibus liberis, inaequilateris, oblanceolatis, 6.5-7 mm. longis, supra medium 1.2-1.5 mm. latis, aia carinali in parte superiore minute papillato-scabridula; petalis rhomboideo-cuneatis, 9 mm. longis, supra medium 6 mm. latis; filamentis 1 mm. longis, 0.5 mm. latis; antheris 1.3 mm. longis; staminodiis 3, 4.5 mm. longis, superne dilatatis et penicillatis. Forming dense tufts; leaves dark green with brown at base; ligule typically recurved-revolute or spreading and becoming squarrose;
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - I 111 spike 5-6 mm. wide in fresh condition, up to 10 mm. wide in dried state with loosely spreading bracts; petals faintly many-nerved, slightly wavy-margined on top, the rhomboid blade narrowed below the middle to a cuneate claw; filament inserted somewhat below the middle near the junction of the claw and the blade of the petal; staminodia penicillate-plumose above with pale yellow hairs; placentae basal; ovules numerous (Fig. 16, i-j). Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on wet bluffs under constant spray of swinging waterfall, Ptari-tepuf, along base of eastfacing high sandstone bluffs, state of Bolivar, alt. 2410-2450 m., November 7, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 59919. Xyris ptariana belongs to the same group of species as X. Tatei Malme and X. witsenioides Oliver and is intermediate between these two. At one end of the series stands X. witsenioides, while at the other end is X. Tatei, By broadening the leaves and enlarging and elongating the sheaths and scapes of X. witsenioides, a condition, more or less like that found in X. ptariana is reached, and, by continuing one step further, again widening the leaves and scapes of X. ptariana, the state of X. Tatei is reached. Xyris ptariana has somewhat larger heads and broader leaves and scapes than has X. witsenioides, but narrower leaves and scapes than X. Tatei* Like X. Tatei, to which X. ptariana is most closely related, the tip of the leaf is prominently incurved-falcate and obtusish, whereas in X. witsenioides it is scarcely or not at all falcate and more gradually narrowed to an acute or acuminate apex. In X. ptariana, however, the lower part of the scape is angled on one side, as in X. witsenioides, rather than bicostate and biangulate throughout, as in X. Tatei. In A!, ptariana the keel of the lateral sepal is somewhat less scabrid than in X. witsenioides. The most conspicuous characteristic of X. ptariana, however, is the ligule, which is typically recurvedrevolute; in X. witsenioides the ligule is produced upwards and erect or straight or protrudes slightly as a small or elongated structure, whereas in X. Tatei it is spreading-squarrose at the tip. This is seen best developed, in the species mentioned, on the sheaths of the uppermost and youngest leaves. Xyris scabridula Steyermark, sp. nov. Caespitosa; foliis rigid is coriaceis, flexuosis vel nonnihil laxe spiraliter tortulis, subcomplanatis vel subteretibus, profunde sulcatis, glabris, quara scapis multo brevioribus, 6-12 cm. longis, 1-1.5 mm. latis, aciebus subobtusis; vagina scabridula, inferne fusca nitida; scapis atro-viridibus rectis vel nonnihil flexuosis laxe tortulis, subteretibus, subtiliter sulcato-nervatis, 19-26 cm. longis, 0.75-1 mm. latis; vagina basali purpurea, 6-7 cm. longa, nitida; spicis paucifloris, ovoideis, 6-7 mm. longis, 3.5-4 mm. crassis; bracteis coriaceis, integerrimis, adpressis fuscis concoloribus, infimis sterilibus late oblongis, 3 mm. longis, apice rotundatis, intermediis superioribusque late oblongis, 5-6 mm. longis, 3-4 mm. latis, apice rotundatis,
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o 2 CM XI E> RAR.Y OF THL UNIVERSIT
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FIELDIANA: BOTANY A Continuation of
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NUMBER 1 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS TEXT
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PAGE 67. Emmotum ptarianum 342 68.
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CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FLORA OF VENEZ
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BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA
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