64 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 Type in herb. Chi. Nat. Hist. Mus., collected on margin of alpine lake at El Aguila, above Paramo de Mucuchies, state of Merida, alt. 4025 m., July 6, 1944, Julian A. Steyermark 57040. Also collected near upper limit of paramo, around small lake, between Chachopo and Los Apartaderos, near El Aguila, state of Merida, alt. 3930 m., April 16, 1944, Steyermark 55875a. Also collected on limestone outcrops of Paramo de Tama, near Colombian-Venezuelan boundary, FIGURE 8 A, Vesicarex collumanthus. Pistillate scale (X 6); B, Vesicarex collumanthus. Perigynium (X 5); C, Vesicarex collumanthus. Achene (X 9); D, Vesicarex collumanthus. Pistillate flower (X 13); E, Vesicarex collumanthus. Appendage at summit of perigynium (X 30); F, Vesicarex collumanthus. Leaf with ligule and sheath (X 1.5); G, Carex larensis. Perigynium (X 9); H, Carex larensis. Achene (X 9); I, Carex tachirensis. Tip of leaf (highly magnified). J, Carex tachirensis. Margin of leaf (highly magnified; K, Carex tachirensis. Pistillate scale (X 8); L, Carex tachirensis; Perigynium (X 8), M, Carex tachirensis. Achene (X 8);
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - I 65 state of Ta'chira, alt. 3045-3475 m., July 15, 1944, Steyermark 57370, fruiting specimen. The specific name refers to the collar-like apical appendage of the perigynium. This genus may be separated from Carex and related segregates, such as Cymophyllus (if that is considered generic), by the combination of sheathless leaves, the peculiar grass-like ligule with cartilaginous margin, cucullate-incurved scales with the margins joined below apex, apparently dioecious flowers, the peculiar whitish fleshy lobed appendage at the summit of the young perigynium, and the double-layered pericarp, which separates into an inner whitish membranous layer surrounding the achene, and the outer firm part of the pericarp proper. This inner layer becomes separated and stands between the achene and the perigynium proper at maturity, but in the younger flowers appears to be part of the inner part of the pericarp. The peculiar appendage crowning the perigynium appears to be separated from the perigynium proper, and not a direct continuation of it, such as the beak in Core*. In Carex I have not found this 2-layered type of perigynium or the peculiar collar-like appendage which appears to be separate from the perigynium. Carex culmenicola Steyermark, sp. nov. Planta subcaespitosa; culmis 30-45 cm. altis, foliaceis, trigonis, glabris; foliis 15-30 cm. longis, 3-5 mm. latis, marginibus scabriduloserrulatis; spicis pluribus, superioribus masculinis, inferioribus foemineis, 4-8 cm. longis; bracteis foliaceis, erectis, 9-15 cm. longis, 4 mm. latis, longe vaginatis, vagina 8-20 mm. longa; glumis masculis ovatis vel late oblongis, abrupte aristatis, 2.5-3.5 mm. longis, 1-1.5 mm. latis; glumis foemineis late ovatis vel suborbiculari-ovatis, aristatis, 2.7-3 mm. longis, 1.5-1.8 ram. latis; stigmatibus 3; perigyniis trigonis, elliptic is, sensim in rostrum brevem scabridulum attenuatis, 3.25-3.5 mm. longis, 1 mm. latis, marginibus scabris, ore bidentato; achaenio trigono, elliptic o-oblongo, stipitato, 2 mm. longo, 0.75 mm. lato. Leaves erect, prominently sulcate on upper side along center; pistillate spikes on stout, erect peduncles, 4-8 cm. long, the rachis scabrid-serrulate; lowest bracts shorter or nearly equaling the upper spikes; sheaths tight, the truncate ligule up to 5 mm. long; staminate scales pale to stramineous-brown, with elongate streaks, the aristae serrulate-scabrid; pistillate scales 10-12-striate with pale striations, rufous-brown with whitish hyaline margins and pale midrib, speckled and streaked with reddish-brown; perigynia firm, closely enveloping the achene, not inflated, conspicuously thickened along margins, one side concave, the other two more or less plane, olivaceous-brown, longer than the subtending scales, 3-nerved ventrally, two of the margins scabrid from below the middle to apex of beak; beak about 1 mm. long, nearly as long as or more than half as long as body;