Meiosis, Germ Cells, and Fertilization

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Prevention of Polyspermy 1. Change of membrane potential 2. Formation of fertilization envelope A Model of <strong>Fertilization</strong> • Strongylocentrotus purpuratus • Arbacia punctulata Ovulating Sea Urchin
TEM of the sea urchin egg • Cell membrane with microvilli • Coated with vitelline layer • Underlined with cortical granules <strong>and</strong> vesicles
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Chapter 21 Sexual Reproduction: Mei
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OVERVIEW OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION •
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Fertilization • a haploid sperm f
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• germ line (or germ cells) - inc
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Crossing-over • the maternal and
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MEIOSIS • haploid germ cells aris
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Duplicated Homologs (and Sex Chromo
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Pairing between sex chromosomes •
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During dividing prophase I • Lept
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Homolog Segregation Depends on Meio
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• Meiosis II occurs without DNA r
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Normal Gametogenesis
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Nondisjunction
Page 28 and 29: Crossing-Over Enhances Genetic Reas
Page 30 and 31: Meiosis Is Regulated Differently in
Page 32 and 33: PRIMORDIAL GERM CELLS AND SEX DETER
Page 34 and 35: • Totipotent - the potential to g
Page 36: Male Female
Page 41 and 42: Four ways Sertoli cells influencing
Page 44 and 45: • molecule retinoic acid produced
Page 46 and 47: EGGS • once activated, it can giv
Page 48 and 49: • Yolk - rich in lipids, proteins
Page 50 and 51: Oogenesis Eggs Develop in Stages
Page 52 and 53: • each chromosome is still compos
Page 54 and 55: Extra gene copies in the cell • d
Page 56: • Follicle stimulating hormone (F
Page 59 and 60: Secondary Follicle
Page 61 and 62: Oocyte in Follicle
Page 63 and 64: SPERM • Sperm (spermatozoon, plur
Page 65 and 66: Sperm Are Produced Continuously in
Page 70 and 71: •Seminiferous Tubule
Page 73 and 74: FERTILIZATION • the binding of sp
Page 75 and 76: Capacitation • sperm arrive in th
Page 77: Fertilization
Page 81 and 82: Sperm Fusion Activates the Egg by I
Page 84: The Cortical Reaction Helps Ensure
Page 87 and 88: The Sperm Provides Centrioles as We
Page 89 and 90: (A) A meiotic spindle in a mature u
Page 91: • Transferring the nucleus of a s
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Meiosis, Germ Cells, and Fertilization

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