May June 1980 - Commodore Computers

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62 COMPUTE. MAY/JUNE. MAYIJUNE. 198O. 1980. iSSUE ISSUE d. .a PET TWO·WAY RS·232 and PARALLEL OUTPUT INTERFACE PET TWO-WAY RS-232 and PARALLEL SADI - The microprocessor based serial and parallel interface for the Commodore PET. SADI allows you to connect your PET to parallel and serial printers, CRT's, modems, modems. acoustic couplers, hard copy terminals and other computers. The e serial and parallel ports are independent allowing the PET to communicate with both peripheral devices simultaneously or one at a time. In addition, the RS-232 device can communicate with the parallel device. Special Features for the PET interface include: Conversion to true ASCII both in and out Cursor controls and function characters specially printed Selectable reversal of upper and lower case PET IEEE connector for lor daisy chaining Addressable ■· works with other devices Special Features for lor the serial interface include: Baud rate selectable from 75 to 9600 Half or full ll duplex 32 character buffer X-ON, X-OFF X·OFF automatically sent Selectable carriage return relurn delay Special Features for the parallel interface include: Data strobe· ■ either polarity Device ready· - either polarity Centronics compatible Complete with power supply, PET IEEE E cable, RS-232 RS·232 connector, parallel port connector and case. Assembled and tested. SADIa(110VAC) SADI. (11OVAC) $295 SADle SADie (230VAC) $325 5325 0. __ , ......... , .... " ..... __ ...... CONNECTICUT microCOMPUTER, Inc. 150 POCONO ROAD BHOOKFIELD, 8ROOK.FIElD. CONNECTICUT 08804 08104 TEL 1203) (203) 775-9659 -Q659 7WX. TWX ; 710-456-0052 ~ -0052 VIU I01Il 0 II/ t . cc.V'T[E) · SOlO l-:c:jt ~ NUMKJt, "'IJIIIILII . [XP1MT10N UI'IlU.t lOOl MTE :loATi UD I01Il0 I "»«", O ~otII . 1000 n 1'(. 01100 .011 S>t l _ " , "'IICIU" - .011 11 .. O. OVI. lotIO 10% . 011 . , . "OHAIK. OHIO SCIENTIFIC EXPANSION INFORMATION tNfORMATlO N Conversion Com' CI~lon of )IC1P C I P (Cassette) d ~M' lle ) to 10 52x26 .. 26 display dl~ptoly Detailed DNoilled slep-bvons lor for doubling ihe the CIP C!P speed ~ 1)t ..... "(1 ilnd and displayd l ~j>l a y SI1C' step ·bystep siep ins!rue 1fI~ \.u C hom Ordl" Order 8uIlctlfl Bully n ] 11105 SIl.OO $12.00 Conversion Com'erSloo of CC1P IP (\llnlflopp)) (Minifloppy) '0 io 52 52x26 .. "!bdl~pla) display 5.ame Same as a~ above . 0011' but bul include Includc~ display d'\I,loIy d.wcr driver fo lorr disk Isk 0operating p,cld''"K system. ~y~lem Order Bullelln Bullr in 1105.'H 1105MF S20.00 510.00 Convelslon Conversion off C2· CjMP 4P or C2·8P O-BPlo to B 8 In in. or 5·1/4 5-1M In in floppy. ppy. Instruc In~!fU C " tions OOS . and scht'lIlallCs schematics for (onverllng converting cassette-based ca,~ellc · lJd St.-d units umls InIO mlo floppy flopp> systems sV~lem~ Order Ordei Hullelln Bulletin 11061 11O6F S20.00 $20.00 OOHIO O SCtENTlfIC SCIENTIFIC EXPANSION ACCESSORIES We have Ohio S< renlifK boards, cables, schema!ics, and docu menloil mentation lOn H.,d Hard-io-find ·IO·flnd lIems items Most Ba Bare rt! BOolrds Boards Sl9.00 $39.00 430 -130 SUpef Super flO IO BOol,d Board (Hd'C) (Bare) S69.00 $69.00 0.11.1 Data SeI,a Separalor rd lO' for (or MPI ,\hnlftopp) Minifloppy S25.00 S25.OO 4iO 470 UnlycrSillD,sk Universal Disk dnd and Rc.I- Real-Time llme Clock 80 Board il.d lle (TeSled) ~ ) 51%.00 $295.00 DUdt Dual Mlm-flOI)y Mini-Flopy II Breakoul rcoikoul ( Cable ilble S34.50 $34.50 CPI CP1 '0 Io S·44[ S--1-IE 8u Bus~ Com
MAY/JUNE, I 193O 1980. ISSUE 4. COMPUTE. COMPUTE, 63 6J Cross-Reference Cross-Reference for the PET Jim Butterfield One of the handy things about the 2040 disk system is that it allows you to read programs - oro r write e them, , for that matter - as if they were data files. es, The possibilities are endless: you can analyze or cross-reference programs; renumber them; ; repack them into the e minimum number of lines, deleting deleling spaces, comments, etc.; elC,; or even create a programwriting g program that is tailor-made for a particu panicular job. This program does docs cross-referencing g of a Basic program. , It's Il written wriuen in Basic: that means that it won't run too 100 fast (all those GET statements) but program you can read what it's doing fa irl y easil y. you can read what it's doing fairly easily. There are two types of cross-references normally y needed for a Basic program. program, One is the variable cross-reference: where do I[ use B$? BS ? The other is a line e number cross-reference: when do I go to line 360? This program m does either. An example of both types is shown - the e program in this s case did the cross- references of itself. cross-references of itself. Reading a Basic Program as a File. To read a Basic program, , you must openo it as a file, lile, using g type P for program. Line 170 of the e cross- crossreference program does docs this. IfI f you read a zero character from m the program (that's CHR$(0), CHR$(O), not ASCII zero which has a binary value of 4S), 48), the GET command gives you a small problem: it will give you a null string g instead of the CHR$(0) HR$(O) you might normallyy expect. You need to watch for this s condition and correct it where necessary: necessar}': you'll see sec this type of coding in lines 260, 270 and 300. The first thing 10 to do when you open the file e is to get the first two bytes. . These represent the pro gramm start address, and should be CHRS(l) H R$( I) and CHR$(4) for (or a normal Basic program starting at hcxadecimal hexadecimal 0401. (See line 180)'. ISO) . Now oW you're ready to stan start work on a line e off Basic. The first t\VO two bytes are the forward fonvard chain. . If they arc are both zero (null string) siring) we have reached the end of the Basic program; otherwise, we don't need them for this job. (See line 240). Continuing onn thee Basic line: thee next pair of bytes represent thee line number, coded in binary, binary. We're likely to need this, so we calculate it as L (lines 260 to 2S0) 280) and also create its spring equiva lent. LE L$. , vVe We lake take an extra moment to right-justify the stringg by pUlling putting spaces at thee front so that it will son sort intoo proper numeric order. From thiss point on, we are lookingg at the text of the Basic sie linee until we reach a zero which fla Hags end-of-line. cnd-of-linc. At that time, we go back aand grab thee next line. next line. Detailed syntax analysis. analYSis. When ""h digging outo variables or line numbers, we have several jobs to do. As we look through Basic text, , we must find out where the e variable or line e number starts. starts, For a variable, that's an alphabetic character; for a line number, it's the preceding key· word GOTO, GOSUB, THEN or RUN followed by an ASCII numeric. Once we've "acquired" the e variable or line e number, we must pick up its following g characters and tack lack them on. on, For line e numbers, it's strictly numeric digits. digits, For variables, ables, things are more complex. Both alphabetic and numeric digits are allowed, but we should throwaway all after the first two, , since GRUMP and GROAN are arc the same variable (GR) in PET Bas ic. We must al so pick up a type identi in PET Basic. We must also pick up a type identi fier - % for integer variables ables or S for r strings - if present. Finally, we have to spot Spot the left Jeft bracket that tells us we have an array variable. T o help us do this rather complex job, we con To help us do this rather complex job, we con struct a character type table. Each entry in the table represents an ASCII character, and classifies it according to its type. type, Numeric characters are arc type 6. If [f we're looking for variables, alphabetic characters area type 5, identifiers (% and $) are arc type 7, and the left bracket is type 8. S. To help p us in scanning the Basic line, we define the end-of-line character as type 0; the quotation mark as type 2; the REM token as type 3; and the DATA token as type 4. Every time we get a new character from Basic, we get it s type from table C as va riable C9. If we get its type from table C as variable C9. If we're looking for a new variable able orr line number, we see if it matches C - alphabetic fo r variables, see if it matches C - alphabetic for variables, numeric for r line numbers, numbers. Once we find the new item, we kick C out of range and start searching based on the value of Cl. C 1, This mechanism means that we can search for a variablee startingg with an alphabetic, abetic, and then allow the variable to continue with alpha· alphabetics, numerics or whatever. To ~ro summarize variables in thiss area: A is the identityy of thee character we have obtained fromm the Basic program, , and C9 is its s type, type. If we're searching, C is the type we are lookingg for; ; otherwise it's belies, kicked out of range, 10 - l or 9. C I tell s us we' re kicked out of range, to -1 or 9. Cl tells us we're collecting characters and what types we're allowed to collect. C2 is our variables/line e numbers flag; it tells us what we're looking for. . MS is the string we've assemblcd. assembled. The routinee from 4S0 480 10 to 520 scans ahead 10 to skip over strings in quotcs quotes and DATA A and REM Slat state ments, ments. Collecting the results. For each linee of th (hee Basic program we are analyzing, we collect and sort any items we find, , eliminating duplicates. They are staged in array AS A$ in lines 320 to 370. If they are line numbers, they will be left justified so that the sort will be a little odd - line 100 will come before line 20 since we
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MAY / JUNE 1980 ISSUE 4. $2.00 MAY/
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ow you can add high resolution grap
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Take the mystery lake the mystery o
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COMPUTE. COMPUTE. TM The Journal Fo
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Dear MICRO-ED: Dear MICRO-ED: I wou
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Look To MTU For 6502 System Expansi
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