TheImprovement ofTropical and Subtropical Rangelands

128 IMPROVEMENT OF TROPIOAL AND SUBTROPIOAL RANGELANDS
B
IncivIcIuI gain
FORAGE AVAILABLE (kgn,e)
FIGURE 6-7 Relationships between intensity of cruing (forage available) and
liv.toek production. (Source: Bement, 1981)
to attain a certain measure of improvement and then change to a
different system for maximum net returns while maintaining the
resource. South African research suggesta that the advantage of
multi-unit schemes is their greater flexibility in permitting the range
manager to alter the grazing scheme as the precipitation varies and
as the specific requirementa of each unit dictate.
Livestock control is absolutely the most important factor in successfully
managing grazing on rangelands. Ifgrazing is not controlled
to meet the objectives and requirements of the grazing plan, the plan
will fail. Livestock control is usually carefully organized by farmers
and herders in tropical and subtropical countries. In many areas,
the extensive overgrazing that dominates range use results from a
decision to graze during a given time in a given place, not from a lack
of livestock control. Consequently, grazing controls within planning
specifications can only be accomplished through joint decisions of
herders, livestock owners, range managers, and government officials.
The key to livestock control is, of course, an understanding of cOlltl
and benefits of control.
GRAZING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Grazing systems or methods can help improve distribution irregularities
for widely ranging livestock, can improve rangeland forage