TheImprovement ofTropical and Subtropical Rangelands

802 IMPROVEMENT OF TROPIOAL AND SUBTROPIOAL RANGELANDS
Havugallas
Havugallas are nomadic people who travel in small bands of one
or two nuclear families accompanied by dogs and donkeys. They
camp well outside of villages for a few days at a time, hunting many
animals including snakes and monkeys that are taboo to all other
communities of the area.
Ambigall
Ambigas have their settlements on estuaries and the sea coast
and own no land or livestock. They fish with nets in open waters
with the help of small boats.
Halakkis
Halakkis have the broadest subsistence pattern of all communities.
They hunt avidly for game birds, hare, and deer; they extensively
collect bivalves and oysters from the rivers and trap fish
by using tidal flow; they cultivate paddy in monsoon and vegetables
in the summer; and they weave mats from leaves of PtJfttltJRU'.
They maintain a small number of cattle and undertake small-scale
construction work. Their settlements are restricted to the coastal
tract.
Patagars
Patagars are restricted to the sides of the rivers on the coast
and are engaged in cultivating paddy on uplands as well all in the
brackish waters ofestuaries. They maintain a good number ofcattle.
They also weave mats from C"erus reeds.
Naiks
Naiks are largely restricted to broader upland valleys where they
practice paddy cultivation. They maintain a good number of cattle
and indulge in hunting game birds and larger mammals.
Haviks
Haviks are a priestly caste supposedly brought to the region in
medieval times to transfer worship of the temple at Gokarna away