TheImprovement ofTropical and Subtropical Rangelands

THE MARRl BALUOH OF PAKISTAN 297
17. Fredrik Barth, "E~oic Proc:euel on ~he Pa~han-Baluch Boundary,·
1ndo-lranica (F.mcJanft M"""""'rrN) (Wie.baden: OUo Harruaowi~., 1ge4), pp.
13-20.
18. See Pehrson, MarTi BaIueA, pp. 11-12, for a more de~ailed ~rea~men~
of ~he variou. reaidence forma ~ha~ chanderise Marri eocie'Y.
19. Pehrson (ibid., p. 14) .uCpata ~ha~ when a herd reaches abou~
100 animall, all o~her conaiden~ion. become of I8COndary importance, and ~he
camp ~hen de~ach_ ibelf from any panicular "illace in order ~o have crea~er
freedom ~o move in aearch of wa~er and pu~ure.
20. Ibid., pp. 8-7 and 78-79.
21. Ibid., p. 77.
22. Ibid., p. 15.
23. Barth, "'Compe~i~ionand Symbioeia,· pp. 15-22; and Pehrson, MarTi
BaIueA, pp. 15-16.
24. Barth (ibid., p. 17) aren- ~ha~ any particular en"ironmen~or niche
offen a certain amoun~ of exploi~able orcanic enerl7. Becauae exploi~a~ion of
a niche ia condi~ioned by ~he cul~ure and *001017 ~ha~ a panicular croup
can brine ~o bear, i~ ia conceivable ~ha~ a civen cul~ure will no~ be able ~o uae
~he full orpnic po~en~ial of ita niche. In~o ~he pp ~hu. crea~ed o~her croup.
may poeaibly move, un~n ~he full limi~ of ~ha~ particular niche i. u~iliaed.
For a further example of ~hia niche concep~, lee Fredrik Bar~h, "Ecologic
Rela~ionahi~ of E~hnic Grou~ in Swa.~, North Pakman,· Am.ariCGn ArrtIaropologin
LVIn:1079-1089 (1956); and Bruno Fau~., SOIIial6trulrtur urad Bodtl'U'lUUunf in dar
KvlfwlanJ.teM/t flu SWHII (NonltDutJai'l'NlltJflG), Gi_ner Geognphiache Schrif~en
3, 1963). Here ~he Kohmani ~ranahumanta are unable ~o keep enough anima"
(due ~ ae"ere win~en and inadequaq .~abling and fonce durinC ~he win~er
mon~ha) ~ comple~ely occupy all of ~he available high moun~ain pu~ure during
~he .ummer. The Gujan, a nomadic croup, are able ~o ~ake adva.n~ace of ~hia
.i~ua~ion and move up ~he river valley in a r~rided oeci1la~ory paUem 'Ypical
of ~he Zagroa Moun~ain nomadiam and .pread ou~ over ~he upland meadow.,
~hu. u~iliainc a niche ~ha~ o~herwise would be necleded.
25. Barth, "'Compe~hion and Symbioeia,· p. 18ff.
26. Pehrson, MarTi BaIueA, p. 16.
27. Barth, "'Compe~i~ion and SymbiOlia,· p. 20.
28. Ibid., p. 21.
29. Ibid., p. 17.
30. Pehrson, MarTi BaIueA, p. 15.