A Rationale-based Model for Architecture Design Reasoning

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9.4. AREL and eAREL traceability applications in a case study 9.4.2 Forward and backward tracing Architects often need to analyse change impacts and root-causes to understand the design during system enhancements. They rely on tracing the design to the requirements, assumptions and constraints to explain why and how the design is constructed. If this information is implicit, its influence could be omitted or misinterpreted because (a) the motivational reasons which influence disparate parts of the design would not be apparent; (b) the design rationale that justifies inter-related design objects would be missing. We resolve this issue by providing a tool to do forward tracing for analysing change impacts and backward tracing for analysing root causes. Forward tracing In this section, we discuss the methods for forward tracing in AREL and demonstrate how to carry out forward tracing. Forward tracing in AREL is the traversal of the AREL graph to produce a subset of the resulting AREL graph forward from a specified AE node. The following steps are involved in the forward tracing of AREL: 1. Specify a source AE node, say AE 1 , where tracing is to begin. 2. Specify the scope of the result set using the viewpoint classification (e.g. Application Viewpoint). 3. For all the descendants of the source node AE 1 , traverse the AE and AR nodes recursively to all the leaf nodes by following the ARtrace links. Since the AREL model is an acyclic graph, the traversal will terminate when all leaf nodes have been traversed. 4. All the AE nodes with the specified viewpoint classification(s) will be retained in the result set. 5. All the AE nodes that are not specified in the classification, but are located between AE 1 and its descendant AE nodes that are in the classification are retained. This is because if these unspecified nodes are not traversed, then the causal chain will be broken and some of the required AE nodes downstream from them would be omitted. For example, we want to investigate what the change of requirement R4 1 3 would do to the architecture design and why. So we select the source of the trace (i.e. R4 1 3 ) and carry out tracing from the source. All the ≪ARtrace≫ links that are connected to R4 1 3 159
9.4. AREL and eAREL traceability applications in a case study are traversed and the connected AR and AE nodes downwards from it are retrieved. We use an automated tool to implement the traceability method and its results are created in a UML repository (see Chapter 11). Figure 9.3 is the result of the forward tracing based on the case study. Two decisions that are directly affected by R4 1 3 are AR10 and AR11. AR11 is a decision about how payment messages are to be composed and decomposed for transmission. AR10 is a decision about which messaging protocol should be used with the key issue being performance. As discussed above, asynchronous messaging protocol was selected over synchronous messaging protocol. Figure 9.3: Forward tracing for impact analysis The selection of the asynchronous mechanism means that a number of constraints and requirements to support the design must be in place. The criteria are (a) messages need to be sequenced and (b) a protective mechanism is available to guarantee that there is no loss of payment messages. Following the ≪ARtrace≫ link from AR10, we find AR14 160
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A Rationale-based Model for Archite
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maintenance. These techniques can h
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Declaration This thesis contains no
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2.2.6 DoD Architecture Framework .
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5.4.6 Risk assessment in architectu
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8.2 The architecture rationalisatio
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12.2 Contributions . . . . . . . .
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6.10 ≪AR≫ and ≪AAR≫ Stereot
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11.13A Process to Synchronise Chang
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5.13 Design Rationale Helps Evaluat
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that architecture design is highly
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1.2. Research motivations and resea
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1.2. Research motivations and resea
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1.4. Structure of the thesis the ch
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Part I Problem Analysis 10
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2.1. Industry practice of design ra
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2.2. Architecture frameworks and de
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Chapter 3 Related work in design ra
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3.2. Why do we need design rational
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3.2. Why do we need design rational
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3.3. Existing methods for capturing
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3.4. Other related studies 3.3.7 Qu
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3.4. Other related studies evolutio
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3.5. How well design rationale meth
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3.5. How well design rationale meth
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Chapter 4 Research methodology and
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4.1. Software engineering research
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4.2. The chosen research and valida
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Part II Architecture Design Rationa
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on a regular basis. Their inputs ha
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5.1. Architecture rationale in the
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5.2. Survey methodology data collec
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5.3. Survey findings experience). I
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5.3. Survey findings Table 5.1: Fre
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5.3. Survey findings Business Goals
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5.3. Survey findings 5.3.5 Document
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5.3. Survey findings Table 5.8 summ
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5.3. Survey findings We used Spearm
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5.3. Survey findings previous desig
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5.4. Discussion of findings Since t
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5.4. Discussion of findings or cons
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5.5. Limitations and use design rat
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Part III The Representation and App
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6.1. A conceptual model for design
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6.2. Architecture Rationale and Ele
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6.2. Architecture Rationale and Ele
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6.3. Architecture elements Figure 6
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6.4. Architecture rationale Figure
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6.4. Architecture rationale • ris
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6.4. Architecture rationale depicts
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6.5. The extended AREL To prevent c
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6.6. A UML representation of AREL a
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6.6. A UML representation of AREL a
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6.7. AREL usability AE by ≪AEsupe
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6.8. Summary The AREL model is exte
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7.1. The EFT system reasoning, a co
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Page 215 and 216: 11.2. Checking AREL models Figure 1
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12.3. Future work architecture deci
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12.3. Future work to examine the co
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [10] B. W. Boehm, Soft
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [37] A. Eden and R. Ka
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [62] J. D. Herbsleb an
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [89] N. Lassing, D. Ri
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [115] D. L. Parnas,
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [142] Z. Simsek and J.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [167] W. F. Tichy, N.
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Appendix A AREL Tool User Manual 1
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4.1 AREL Check Model When the Check
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4.2 AREL Model Tracing AREL model t
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Figure 9 - result of downward trace
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To initiate the graph’s creation,
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onto the diagram 14 Assign values t
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Useful Definitions The following ar
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) Some projects only c) Not at all
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19. I revisit architecture design d
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Complaint Procedure If you have any
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Privacy Protection Only investigato
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B. Exploring design reasoning. 1. W
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3. Why does the system use asynchro
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C. General Comments on AREL Modelli
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IEEE Computer Society Press. A. Tan
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