A Rationale-based Model for Architecture Design Reasoning

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5.3. Survey findings • overall system design (86.4%) • requirements or tender analysis (81.5%) • non-functional requirements design (64.2%) • software design and specification (58%) • project management tasks (50.6%) • IT planning and proposal preparation (49.4%) • data modelling (44.4%) • implementation design (42%) • program design and specification (35.8%) • test planning and design (29.6%) • training (19.8%) Our typical respondent’s main efforts are spent in the early project phases including requirements and tender analysis, overall design, high level design, non-functional design and software design. Most of them also have management responsibilities such as project management and IT planning. To a lesser extent, they perform detailed design and implementation activities. We asked our respondents if their projects or organisations recognise software architect roles. 43.2% of respondents said software architects are formally recognized across all projects in the organization, while 48.1% said only some projects in the organization recognized the use of architects. This may be due to the organization structure or the nature of the projects. It has been found that software architects would be involved in projects under the following circumstances: new projects (23.5%); mission critical projects (25.8%); high risk projects (27.2%); high cost projects (18.5%). 5.3.3 Designer’s perception of the importance of design rationale As there is little empirical evidence on how important design rationale are considered by designers, we posed a number of questions to this end. Respondents were asked to indicate how often they reason about their design choices and whether they think that design rationale are important to justify their design choices. 61
5.3. Survey findings Table 5.1: Frequency of Reasoning about Design Choices Never Always 1 2 3 4 5 No of Respondents 0 1 8 34 38 Percentages 0 1.2 9.9 42 46.9 Table 5.2: Importance of Design Rationale in Design Justification Not Very Important Important 1 2 3 4 5 No of Respondents 0 1 11 30 39 Percentages 0 1.2 13.6 37 48.1 The responses to those questions revealed (Table 5.1 and 5.2) that the majority of designers frequently apply reasoning to justify their architectural choices and they also consider that design rationale are important to justify their design choices. We also asked the respondents about the frequency of considering alternative architecture designs (explanation for alternative architecture designs was provided) during their design process, as this is another indicator of the awareness of reasoning about design choices and the rigour that needs to be employed during this process. The responses to this question are provided in Table 5.3. The result indicates that the majority of respondents compare between alternative designs before selecting a particular architectural design among available alternatives. Table 5.3: Frequency of Considering Alternative Designs Never Always 1 2 3 4 5 No of Respondents 0 1 15 31 34 Percentages 0 1.2 18.5 38.3 42 We asked the respondents to rank the importance of each of the nine generic design rationales listed in the survey. This ranking reflects the perception of respondents towards how useful a given design rationale is in design. Since decision making is something our respondents do on a regular basis, their perception of design rationale’s importance should reflect the reasoning process that is performed intuitively. Table 5.4 presents the responses to this question. The majority of respondents considered that all nine design rationales are important. The responses for all rationales are skewed towards the very important end. Benefits of design, design constraints and certainty of design received the highest support with combined level 4 and 5 percentages of 90.12%, 87.65% and 85.19% respectively. All other rationales are also considered important with the majority of respondents selecting level 62
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A Rationale-based Model for Archite
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maintenance. These techniques can h
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Declaration This thesis contains no
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2.2.6 DoD Architecture Framework .
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5.4.6 Risk assessment in architectu
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8.2 The architecture rationalisatio
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12.2 Contributions . . . . . . . .
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6.10 ≪AR≫ and ≪AAR≫ Stereot
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11.13A Process to Synchronise Chang
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5.13 Design Rationale Helps Evaluat
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that architecture design is highly
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1.2. Research motivations and resea
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1.2. Research motivations and resea
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1.4. Structure of the thesis the ch
Page 29 and 30: Part I Problem Analysis 10
Page 31 and 32: 2.1. Industry practice of design ra
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Page 43 and 44: Chapter 3 Related work in design ra
Page 45 and 46: 3.2. Why do we need design rational
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Page 49 and 50: 3.3. Existing methods for capturing
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Page 61 and 62: 3.5. How well design rationale meth
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Page 67 and 68: 4.1. Software engineering research
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Page 71 and 72: Part II Architecture Design Rationa
Page 73 and 74: on a regular basis. Their inputs ha
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Page 99 and 100: Part III The Representation and App
Page 101 and 102: 6.1. A conceptual model for design
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Page 107 and 108: 6.3. Architecture elements Figure 6
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Page 115 and 116: 6.5. The extended AREL To prevent c
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Page 121 and 122: 6.7. AREL usability AE by ≪AEsupe
Page 123 and 124: 6.8. Summary The AREL model is exte
Page 125 and 126: 7.1. The EFT system reasoning, a co
Page 127 and 128: 7.1. The EFT system The processing
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7.1. The EFT system Figure 7.5: Int
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7.1. The EFT system sequence checki
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7.1. The EFT system Figure 7.7: Dec
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7.1. The EFT system Therefore, in a
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7.1. The EFT system Figure 7.10: De
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7.2. An empirical study to validate
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7.3. Summary The case study is spec
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8.1. Background Based on these assu
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8.2. The architecture rationalisati
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8.3. Other applications of ARM As d
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8.3. Other applications of ARM Figu
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8.3. Other applications of ARM area
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Chapter 9 Architecture rationale an
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9.1. Background 9.1 Background In t
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9.2. Traceability of architecture r
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9.4. AREL and eAREL traceability ap
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Chapter 10 Architecture decision de
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10.1. Background 10.1.2 Introductio
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10.2. Building a BBN to represent a
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10.3. Reasoning about change impact
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10.5. Summary design object may cau
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11.1. Capturing architecture design
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11.1. Capturing architecture design
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11.2. Checking AREL models Figure 1
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11.3. Tracing AREL models Figure 11
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11.4. Analysing AREL with BBN • S
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11.5. Limitations Figure 11.13: A P
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Chapter 12 Conclusions 12.1 Summary
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12.2. Contributions reasoning metho
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12.2. Contributions implementations
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12.3. Future work architecture deci
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12.3. Future work to examine the co
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [10] B. W. Boehm, Soft
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [37] A. Eden and R. Ka
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [62] J. D. Herbsleb an
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [89] N. Lassing, D. Ri
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [115] D. L. Parnas,
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [142] Z. Simsek and J.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [167] W. F. Tichy, N.
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Appendix A AREL Tool User Manual 1
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4.1 AREL Check Model When the Check
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4.2 AREL Model Tracing AREL model t
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Figure 9 - result of downward trace
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To initiate the graph’s creation,
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onto the diagram 14 Assign values t
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Useful Definitions The following ar
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) Some projects only c) Not at all
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19. I revisit architecture design d
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Complaint Procedure If you have any
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Privacy Protection Only investigato
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B. Exploring design reasoning. 1. W
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3. Why does the system use asynchro
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C. General Comments on AREL Modelli
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IEEE Computer Society Press. A. Tan
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