Bruce Allen Scharlau PhD thesis - Research@StAndrews:FullText

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Chapter Six: The Dynamics of Counterterrorism 1. Assumptions of Counterterrorism Policy 2. The Counterterrorism Policy Options in West Germany 3. Resourcing of Policy Implementation 3.1 Counterterrorism Resources 3.2 Antiterrorism Resources 4. Strengths and Limitations of Counterterrorism Policies 4.1 Counterterrorism Policies 4.2 Antiterrorism Policies 5. Summary Chapter Seven: Terrorism, Public Opinion and the Media 1. The Public Response to Terrorism 2. Terrorism and the Media 3. Terrorism, Public Opinion, and the Media 3.1 The Instrumental Model 3.2 The Organisational Model 3.3 The Expressive Model 4. Terrorism! the Media and the Government 5. Summary Chapter Eight: Conclusion 1. Theoretical Summary 2. Conclusion of Findings 2.1 Individuals 2.2 Groups 2.3 Government 2.4 Media 2.5 Conclusion 3. Practical Applications 4. Theoretical Applications Appendicies Chronology Bibliography 195 196 198 204 204 216 226 226 242 251 253 254 258 263 263 265 267 268 276 278 278 280 280 285 289 290 291 292 296 298 309
List of Figures 1.1 Identification 16 4.1 Physiological Model of Terrorist Contagion 115 5.1 Practical and Theoretical Groups around the 'Hard-Corel 164 List of Tables 3.1 Left-wing Terrorist Offences, 1968-1989 74 3.2 Left-wing Extremist Offences, 1982-1989 76 3.3 Left-wing Terrorist Attacks by Group, 1982-1989 77 3.4 Left-wing Terrorist Offences by Group and Target, 1968-1989 78 3.5 Distribution of Targets by Category and Estimated Cost, 1967-1981 79 4.1 Demographic Profile of the Fathers of Left-wing Terrorists, 1978 128 4.2 Sex and Age of the Left-wing Terrorists, 1978 129 4.3 Percentage Living with Both Parents, 1978 132 4.4 Decisive Background Occurrances in Left-wing Terrorists, 1978 133 4.5 Biographical Occurrances and Discontinuity and Conflict Problems Among Left-wing Terrorists, 1978 134 4.6 Job Employment of Left-wing Terrorists, 1978 138 4.7 Noticable Behaviour Amongst Left-wing Terrorists, 1978 143 4.8 Group Affiliations of Individuals Prior to Entering Left-wing Terrorist Groups, 1978 144 4.9 Participation in Demonstrations and Squatting by Individuals Prior to Entering Left-wing Terrorist Groups, 1978 145 5.1 Clique Indices of the RAF, 1970-1977 5.2 Clique Indices of the B2J, 1971-1976 6.1 Budget Expenditure per Area, 1950-1987 6.2 Personnel in Federal Public Service, 1950-1988 6.3 Personnel in the Security Apparatus, 1960-1980 6.4 Laender Personnel in Public Security, 1950-1988 7.1 Satisfaction with Democracy, 1973-1990 7.2 Basic Attitudes towards Society, 1970-1990 178 179 205 206 207 208 254 255
Page 1 and 2: LEFT-WING TERRORISM IN THE FEDERAL
Page 3 and 4: ABSTRACT The Federal Republic of Ge
Page 5 and 6: i v In submitting this thesis to th
Page 7 and 8: The completion of a project of this
Page 9: V.J...J...J.. Chapter Three: Left-W
Page 13 and 14: XLI. OPEC PFLP PIOS RAF RZ Rote AIm
Page 15 and 16: A.J..V Preface This thesis deals wi
Page 17 and 18: 2 Both the historical and analytica
Page 19 and 20: 4 left.7 This tradition continued i
Page 21 and 22: 6 terrorism in the Federal Republic
Page 23 and 24: 8 The result is that terrorism rese
Page 25 and 26: 10 (particulary murder f killing, e
Page 27 and 28: 12 government has to take the terro
Page 29 and 30: 14 The concept of identification us
Page 31 and 32: , , /1 sow.et:iJ1~s ~een tp a~t ()n
Page 33 and 34: 18 CHAPTER TWO: LEFT-WING TERRORISM
Page 35 and 36: 20 Third World liberation movements
Page 37 and 38: 22 and its continuation should not
Page 39 and 40: awareness. Fifth, the idea to form
Page 41 and 42: 26 was that 'late capitalism' neede
Page 43 and 44: 28 In this kind of atmosphere an as
Page 45 and 46: 30 vacuum some spontis fonned land
Page 47 and 48: 32 2.12 Second Phase, 1970-1972 The
Page 49 and 50: 34 The first of the follow-on group
Page 51 and 52: attacks against imperialist counter
Page 53 and 54: 38 March 1968 shortly before Baader
Page 55 and 56: 40 Schmuecker was a group member be
Page 57 and 58: 42 2.3 Revolutionary Cells The Revo
Page 59 and 60: 44 This group operated internationa
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46 Money, weapons, training and saf
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48 were not heroic and they signall
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50 integrated into the RAF prisoner
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52 Palestine to Western Europe [ wh
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justified their claim to be an inte
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act for their awn ideas of organisa
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four Second of June members were ar
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60 The effect of these Red Army Fac
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stated that the prisoners must be b
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64 on hunger strike more often and
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66 3.4 The Revolutionary Cells The
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3.5 Autonanen Amidst the radicalisa
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70 hierachical RAF and its indoctri
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72 maintain their illegal/legal exi
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average 36.7%, 1980s), which were h
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amounted to $22. 5 million in ranso
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public may see models for their own
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80 between them, while others chang
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82 between imperialistic authori ti
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84 a stand collapes, be little surp
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86 needs South Africa to be under W
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88 3.3 Technology The technology as
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90 judges [abuse/violate] their sex
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92 3.51 Release of Prisoners Identi
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prisoners. Creating an elitist grou
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96 activities that placed the outsi
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98 call for the 'consolidation of p
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100 More important for the RAF, how
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publicity than would have otherwise
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104 factors involved in operational
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106 and biographical processes call
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-: ........ ;:; .1.VO IT~els, both
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110 person's 10ng-teDm function~lg.
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112 The possibility of a death-wish
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114 responsibility" to the extent o
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116 nie ag~Legate exterr~l variable
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811 J .P1=ql= ~~ "6-8 '(1861) u~eT~
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()7T vt,.. ;... 0601 lupJ~ l~otLE~
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122 such situations adds further we
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124 3. The Individual in West Genna
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126 disturbances. This supports the
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Table 4.1 Demographic Profile of th
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ebuild and maintain their material
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132 socialisation. 104 The developm
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134 Table 4.5 Biographical OcCUITan
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136 questioning about oneself and t
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oles and norms and offered a possib
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person feels less experienced and i
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142 Table 4.7 (page 143) shows that
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144 Table 4.8 Group Affiliations of
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146 A person's perceived level of a
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148 possibilities of legal extra-pa
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150 When the person joined because
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152 for a new identity which contra
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154 Three theoretical approaches ar
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156 cohesion, instead of lessening
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158 destructive group. The counterm
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160 interested in sociopolitical af
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162 addition of fantasy to their be
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164 to political groups. The person
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166 links with the legals (lawyers,
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168 1984 or 1985. 65 Then only the
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170 3.1. Group Benefits and Enterin
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172 Aid committee work had been in
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174 Constitution at the time. The S
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176 As mentioned earlier, a person'
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178 feelings of resignation and irr
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180 together making it liable to co
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182 goals, but will not always rela
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184 a social revolution { which is
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186 groups, but upon Baader's insis
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188 might reflect badly on the publ
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190 The effectiveness of any dissen
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192 Leaving one terrorist organisat
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194 Cells and Alltonamen belong to
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196 of the relationship between the
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198 which views the justification o
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200 public interests when the dange
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202 policy must be to foster identi
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204 the government did arrive at an
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206 between projected and actual co
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208 holes in the table. A view of T
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210 and the police hierarchy that l
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212 first suspected terrorists push
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214 turn a multinational effort to
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216 7,265 to 14,073. However, these
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218 Beneath the BRA and LKAs are re
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220 response to the Munich Massacre
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222 everything th~ prison and court
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224 These changes in early 1976, al
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4. Strengths and Limitations of Cou
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228 did not hang over them. They we
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230 Preparations, on the other hand
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232 arrest of Rolf Heissler in 1979
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country and count the life, health
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236 StGB may only push terrorist sy
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238 only prevent future acti vi ty
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240 issue. The Federal Prosecutor G
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242 Ideological groups can be destr
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244 to organise their efforts accor
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246 arrested suspects. This was the
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248 ignored the order because they
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250 years were less often sentenced
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problems than it solved, because of
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254 and terrorism relationship. Bot
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256 'defence against subversion' in
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258 There is a large difference bet
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~bU indicate goals and stimulate as
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262 ground of innocent bystanders.
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264 and other activities. At that t
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266 using unbelievable amounts of e
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268 but rather develop themselves.
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270 be used if the public were conf
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272 South Yeman! Iraq and Vietnam,
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274 not. A month later, 50% had tho
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[/b or radio or television programm
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[I'd CHAPTER EIGHT: CONCLUSION The
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280 the sole option available to th
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as the person assimilated their pas
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~nprisonment. This could only bind
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286 Pre-terrorist group groups also
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elieved the benefits outweighed the
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The government assisted the rise of
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3. Practical Applications The conce
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way. They are wedded to an organisa
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prisoners and the active members, o
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298 CHRONOLCGY OF MAJOR EVENTS 2 Ju
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300 12 June 1974 (RZ): The Chilian
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5 January 1977 (RAP): Christian Kla
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304 17 November 1978 (RAP): Peter-J
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6 September 1985 (RAF): Illegal mil
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6 June 1990 (RAP): SUsanne Albrecht
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310 Alexander I Yonah, Katwan Jakov
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Boelsche, Jochen. "Das Strahlnetz s
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314 "The Logic of Terrorism: Terror
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Geronimo (pseudonym). Feuer und Fla
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"Der Verfall der Roten AImee Frakti
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Krumm, Karl-Heinz. "Terrorbekaempfu
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Passerini, Luisa. "Mythobiography i
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Verlagsgesellschaft politische Beri
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326 Sartre, Jean-Paul. Critique of
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328 , P.A. Fleming. "Terrorism and
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330 PERIODICALS Angehoerigen Info (
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Bruce Allen Scharlau PhD thesis - Research@StAndrews:FullText

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