Bruce Allen Scharlau PhD thesis - Research@StAndrews:FullText

More documents

Recommendations

Info

103 Another explanation is the availability and possible influence of individuals in the group, who can bring particular talents to the group. The arrival of people wi th specialist skills in a group means that hitherto impossible operations are now possible. Instead of the Red Army Faction having to use less precise bombs manually triggered under the road, as they did with their attempt on Haig in 1979, the arrival of Horst Meyer (an apprentice electrician) to the group in 1984 meant they could use photo-electric cells to trigger the bombs to murder Beckurts in 1986, Herrhausen in 1989, and in their unsuccessful attempt on Neusel in 1990. There is also the possibility that they were trained in the use of photo-electric cells by the East German Stasi. While there is no direct evidence of this, the authorities suspect it. 97 This concept is also applicable to low level terrorism in the Revolutionary Cells and Autonanen. For example, Radikal 131 carried several articles about the NATO pipeline system with communiques describing its importance, how it worked, and its breadth and width in the country, while Radikal 139 described the dangers and methods of bombing petrol stations with reference to the anti -Shell campaign. No doubt both of these issues resulted in damage done to pipelines and petrol stations. The final determinant will ultimately be a reflection of the group I s resources, the messages it wants sent, and the problems and possibilities of different targets. Had Rohwedder been as well protected in Dusseldorf as he was in Berlin, the RAF would have possibly attempted the murder of someone else on their list, or taken more time and precautions in their attempt. Well protected targets are not impossible to reach, as was shown with Herrhausen, Schleyer and Buback. 5. Smmary The first two parts of the chapter showed why individuals might lessen their identification with the state because of possible unconventional poli tical protest and public desensi ti vi ty to political violence. The third part related that terrorists use different issues to (a) in the case of the Red Army Faction, identify with issues designed to bring them new recruits and a wider social base at home and abroad, and (b) in the case of the Revolutionary Cells and Autonanen to support public protest issues in the framework of their own broader issues. These issues are discussed further in chapter seven. Lastly, some of the 97 Horchem (1988), 157i "Moegliches Ziel" Der Spiegel 31/1990, 62i "'Denen trauen wir jetzt alles ZUlli Der Spiegel 14 (1 April) 1991, 22-6, 22-3.
104 factors involved in operational timing and targeting explained that the availability of a target may have as much influence as the coordinating efforts of imprisoned and underground members of the Red Army Faction. This concludes the general analysis of left-wing terrorism in the Federal Republic of Germany. The <strong>thesis</strong> now moves to the specific questions of indi vuduals, groups, government response, and media and public reactions. Chapters two and three provided a general historical and analytical framework for the following chapters f which begins with a study of individual terrorist motivation amongst terrorists in general, and left-wing West German terrorists in particular.
Page 1 and 2:
LEFT-WING TERRORISM IN THE FEDERAL
Page 3 and 4:
ABSTRACT The Federal Republic of Ge
Page 5 and 6:
i v In submitting this thesis to th
Page 7 and 8:
The completion of a project of this
Page 9 and 10:
V.J...J...J.. Chapter Three: Left-W
Page 11 and 12:
List of Figures 1.1 Identification
Page 13 and 14:
XLI. OPEC PFLP PIOS RAF RZ Rote AIm
Page 15 and 16:
A.J..V Preface This thesis deals wi
Page 17 and 18:
2 Both the historical and analytica
Page 19 and 20:
4 left.7 This tradition continued i
Page 21 and 22:
6 terrorism in the Federal Republic
Page 23 and 24:
8 The result is that terrorism rese
Page 25 and 26:
10 (particulary murder f killing, e
Page 27 and 28:
12 government has to take the terro
Page 29 and 30:
14 The concept of identification us
Page 31 and 32:
, , /1 sow.et:iJ1~s ~een tp a~t ()n
Page 33 and 34:
18 CHAPTER TWO: LEFT-WING TERRORISM
Page 35 and 36:
20 Third World liberation movements
Page 37 and 38:
22 and its continuation should not
Page 39 and 40:
awareness. Fifth, the idea to form
Page 41 and 42:
26 was that 'late capitalism' neede
Page 43 and 44:
28 In this kind of atmosphere an as
Page 45 and 46:
30 vacuum some spontis fonned land
Page 47 and 48:
32 2.12 Second Phase, 1970-1972 The
Page 49 and 50:
34 The first of the follow-on group
Page 51 and 52:
attacks against imperialist counter
Page 53 and 54:
38 March 1968 shortly before Baader
Page 55 and 56:
40 Schmuecker was a group member be
Page 57 and 58:
42 2.3 Revolutionary Cells The Revo
Page 59 and 60:
44 This group operated internationa
Page 61 and 62:
46 Money, weapons, training and saf
Page 63 and 64:
48 were not heroic and they signall
Page 65 and 66:
50 integrated into the RAF prisoner
Page 67 and 68: 52 Palestine to Western Europe [ wh
Page 69 and 70: justified their claim to be an inte
Page 71 and 72: act for their awn ideas of organisa
Page 73 and 74: four Second of June members were ar
Page 75 and 76: 60 The effect of these Red Army Fac
Page 77 and 78: stated that the prisoners must be b
Page 79 and 80: 64 on hunger strike more often and
Page 81 and 82: 66 3.4 The Revolutionary Cells The
Page 83 and 84: 3.5 Autonanen Amidst the radicalisa
Page 85 and 86: 70 hierachical RAF and its indoctri
Page 87 and 88: 72 maintain their illegal/legal exi
Page 89 and 90: average 36.7%, 1980s), which were h
Page 91 and 92: amounted to $22. 5 million in ranso
Page 93 and 94: public may see models for their own
Page 95 and 96: 80 between them, while others chang
Page 97 and 98: 82 between imperialistic authori ti
Page 99 and 100: 84 a stand collapes, be little surp
Page 101 and 102: 86 needs South Africa to be under W
Page 103 and 104: 88 3.3 Technology The technology as
Page 105 and 106: 90 judges [abuse/violate] their sex
Page 107 and 108: 92 3.51 Release of Prisoners Identi
Page 109 and 110: prisoners. Creating an elitist grou
Page 111 and 112: 96 activities that placed the outsi
Page 113 and 114: 98 call for the 'consolidation of p
Page 115 and 116: 100 More important for the RAF, how
Page 117: publicity than would have otherwise
Page 121 and 122: 106 and biographical processes call
Page 123 and 124: -: ........ ;:; .1.VO IT~els, both
Page 125 and 126: 110 person's 10ng-teDm function~lg.
Page 127 and 128: 112 The possibility of a death-wish
Page 129 and 130: 114 responsibility" to the extent o
Page 131 and 132: 116 nie ag~Legate exterr~l variable
Page 133 and 134: 811 J .P1=ql= ~~ "6-8 '(1861) u~eT~
Page 135 and 136: ()7T vt,.. ;... 0601 lupJ~ l~otLE~
Page 137 and 138: 122 such situations adds further we
Page 139 and 140: 124 3. The Individual in West Genna
Page 141 and 142: 126 disturbances. This supports the
Page 143 and 144: Table 4.1 Demographic Profile of th
Page 145 and 146: ebuild and maintain their material
Page 147 and 148: 132 socialisation. 104 The developm
Page 149 and 150: 134 Table 4.5 Biographical OcCUITan
Page 151 and 152: 136 questioning about oneself and t
Page 153 and 154: oles and norms and offered a possib
Page 155 and 156: person feels less experienced and i
Page 157 and 158: 142 Table 4.7 (page 143) shows that
Page 159 and 160: 144 Table 4.8 Group Affiliations of
Page 161 and 162: 146 A person's perceived level of a
Page 163 and 164: 148 possibilities of legal extra-pa
Page 165 and 166: 150 When the person joined because
Page 167 and 168: 152 for a new identity which contra
Page 169 and 170:
154 Three theoretical approaches ar
Page 171 and 172:
156 cohesion, instead of lessening
Page 173 and 174:
158 destructive group. The counterm
Page 175 and 176:
160 interested in sociopolitical af
Page 177 and 178:
162 addition of fantasy to their be
Page 179 and 180:
164 to political groups. The person
Page 181 and 182:
166 links with the legals (lawyers,
Page 183 and 184:
168 1984 or 1985. 65 Then only the
Page 185 and 186:
170 3.1. Group Benefits and Enterin
Page 187 and 188:
172 Aid committee work had been in
Page 189 and 190:
174 Constitution at the time. The S
Page 191 and 192:
176 As mentioned earlier, a person'
Page 193 and 194:
178 feelings of resignation and irr
Page 195 and 196:
180 together making it liable to co
Page 197 and 198:
182 goals, but will not always rela
Page 199 and 200:
184 a social revolution { which is
Page 201 and 202:
186 groups, but upon Baader's insis
Page 203 and 204:
188 might reflect badly on the publ
Page 205 and 206:
190 The effectiveness of any dissen
Page 207 and 208:
192 Leaving one terrorist organisat
Page 209 and 210:
194 Cells and Alltonamen belong to
Page 211 and 212:
196 of the relationship between the
Page 213 and 214:
198 which views the justification o
Page 215 and 216:
200 public interests when the dange
Page 217 and 218:
202 policy must be to foster identi
Page 219 and 220:
204 the government did arrive at an
Page 221 and 222:
206 between projected and actual co
Page 223 and 224:
208 holes in the table. A view of T
Page 225 and 226:
210 and the police hierarchy that l
Page 227 and 228:
212 first suspected terrorists push
Page 229 and 230:
214 turn a multinational effort to
Page 231 and 232:
216 7,265 to 14,073. However, these
Page 233 and 234:
218 Beneath the BRA and LKAs are re
Page 235 and 236:
220 response to the Munich Massacre
Page 237 and 238:
222 everything th~ prison and court
Page 239 and 240:
224 These changes in early 1976, al
Page 241 and 242:
4. Strengths and Limitations of Cou
Page 243 and 244:
228 did not hang over them. They we
Page 245 and 246:
230 Preparations, on the other hand
Page 247 and 248:
232 arrest of Rolf Heissler in 1979
Page 249 and 250:
country and count the life, health
Page 251 and 252:
236 StGB may only push terrorist sy
Page 253 and 254:
238 only prevent future acti vi ty
Page 255 and 256:
240 issue. The Federal Prosecutor G
Page 257 and 258:
242 Ideological groups can be destr
Page 259 and 260:
244 to organise their efforts accor
Page 261 and 262:
246 arrested suspects. This was the
Page 263 and 264:
248 ignored the order because they
Page 265 and 266:
250 years were less often sentenced
Page 267 and 268:
problems than it solved, because of
Page 269 and 270:
254 and terrorism relationship. Bot
Page 271 and 272:
256 'defence against subversion' in
Page 273 and 274:
258 There is a large difference bet
Page 275 and 276:
~bU indicate goals and stimulate as
Page 277 and 278:
262 ground of innocent bystanders.
Page 279 and 280:
264 and other activities. At that t
Page 281 and 282:
266 using unbelievable amounts of e
Page 283 and 284:
268 but rather develop themselves.
Page 285 and 286:
270 be used if the public were conf
Page 287 and 288:
272 South Yeman! Iraq and Vietnam,
Page 289 and 290:
274 not. A month later, 50% had tho
Page 291 and 292:
[/b or radio or television programm
Page 293 and 294:
[I'd CHAPTER EIGHT: CONCLUSION The
Page 295 and 296:
280 the sole option available to th
Page 297 and 298:
as the person assimilated their pas
Page 299 and 300:
~nprisonment. This could only bind
Page 301 and 302:
286 Pre-terrorist group groups also
Page 303 and 304:
elieved the benefits outweighed the
Page 305 and 306:
The government assisted the rise of
Page 307 and 308:
3. Practical Applications The conce
Page 309 and 310:
way. They are wedded to an organisa
Page 311 and 312:
prisoners and the active members, o
Page 313 and 314:
298 CHRONOLCGY OF MAJOR EVENTS 2 Ju
Page 315 and 316:
300 12 June 1974 (RZ): The Chilian
Page 317 and 318:
5 January 1977 (RAP): Christian Kla
Page 319 and 320:
304 17 November 1978 (RAP): Peter-J
Page 321 and 322:
6 September 1985 (RAF): Illegal mil
Page 323 and 324:
6 June 1990 (RAP): SUsanne Albrecht
Page 325 and 326:
310 Alexander I Yonah, Katwan Jakov
Page 327 and 328:
Boelsche, Jochen. "Das Strahlnetz s
Page 329 and 330:
314 "The Logic of Terrorism: Terror
Page 331 and 332:
Geronimo (pseudonym). Feuer und Fla
Page 333 and 334:
"Der Verfall der Roten AImee Frakti
Page 335 and 336:
Krumm, Karl-Heinz. "Terrorbekaempfu
Page 337 and 338:
Passerini, Luisa. "Mythobiography i
Page 339 and 340:
Verlagsgesellschaft politische Beri
Page 341 and 342:
326 Sartre, Jean-Paul. Critique of
Page 343 and 344:
328 , P.A. Fleming. "Terrorism and
Page 345:
330 PERIODICALS Angehoerigen Info (
show all

Bruce Allen Scharlau PhD thesis - Research@StAndrews:FullText

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?