Annual Report 2009-2010 - Ministry Of Earth Sciences

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7 Coastal and Marine Ecology A national coordinated research and development scheme on “Coastal Marine Ecology” has been implemented. It addressed the following thrust areas: (i) Coastal erosion and protection measures; (ii) Drugs from sea; (iii) Aquaculture and Meri culture; (iv) Harmful Algal Bloom; (v) Ecosystem modelling; and (vi) Coastal Water quality monitoring. 7.1 Coastal Erosion and Protection Measures Several places along the coastal belts are subjected to severe erosion due to natural forces and alteration of coastal processes by man-made structures established along the shoreline. Hence, technological tools/interventions based on comprehensive studies and analysis of the problem of erosion and accretion need to be developed so as to prescribe effective coastal protection measures/ Shoreline Management Plan (SMP). 7.1.1 Development of Shoreline Management Plans (SMP) i) The numerical model studies for Muthalapozhi sector have been calibrated and validated with the data collected during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon. Waves, nearshore circulation and sediment transport have been simulated for the entire study area of St. Andrews-Nedunganda coastal stretch of Muthalapozhi. ii) Four sites along Karnataka coast (Devbhag: Karwar, Pavinkurve: Honnavar Kundapur Kodi: Kundapur, Uliargoli Padukere: Malpe) have been selected to develop SMPs, in association with NIO, Goa. Data on tides, waves, currents, sea levels and beach profiles along with shoreline mapping were carried out at monthly intervals from April – December 2009. River discharge measurements were also carried out in June and July 2009 near the mouth of the Kali river (Karwar), the Saravathi River (Honnavar) and the Udayavara river (Padukare) to understand the influence of fresh water on coastal current and sediment transport. Based on the data collected, numerical modelling of the hydrodynamics and wave transformation studies have been initiated. iii) SMP for Gopalpur Coast: The seasonal data collection programme includes deployment of a wave rider buoy, tide gauge and current metre at 8m, 18m and 23m depths at four locations. The beach profiles and shoreline positions were also collected at monthly intervals. One year observation of wave climate indicates that swells approach mostly from S-SE-SSE and wave heights are fairly high during southwest monsoon months. On an annual basis, the most dominant wave heights are 0.5 to 1m with time period 12-20 seconds. Monitoring of beach profiles and shoreline at monthly intervals indicated that southern beaches of the port are accreting in a year up to 140m width, while northern beaches are eroding up to 70m width near the newly constructed groins and the effect is felt up to 2km on both sides. iv) SMP for Gangavaram Coast: A detailed climatology of Gangavaram has been prepared based on the previous research studies. Past data on predominant wave characteristics and currents along the coast for different seasons were collected. Preliminary beach survey was conducted during September 2009 and December 2009 along the coast on either side of the study area (Gangavaram port). Coastline changes were monitored using LANDSAT multi-temporal images (1988 to 2009). The nearshore wave refraction patterns are studied using a Numerical Wave refraction 40 Ministry of Earth Sciences : Annual Report 2009-10
Fig. 7.1: Wave refraction for SSE waves: (a) 8 sec period, (b) 10 sec period model. (Fig. 7.1) It could be noted that convergence of wave rays occur near the south breakwater of the port and also at a few other locations still further southward. The sediment deposition is clearly observed at R.K. Beach and Palm beach but near the submarine museum and further northward towards Lawson’s Bay the beach is undergoing erosion. At Yarada, the shoreline is observed to have been shifted by about 3m landward, denoting deposition; but further northwards erosion has been observed. Similarly at the Appikonda Beach (south of the Port), there is erosion near the Pigeon Hill to the extent of 40m wide beach over length of 0.8 km, while further south deposition is observed. 7.2 Drugs from the Sea The marine organisms are a very high potential source for bioactive compounds to develop drugs for human therapeutic purposes. In this context, a national coordinated research programme on “Development of potential drugs from the Ocean” has been implemented under the leadership of Central Drugs Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow. This multi-institutional programme is being carried out with the active participation of following reputed national/state R&D laboratories and academia: National R&D Labs: (a) Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow; (b) National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Goa; (c) Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI), Bhavnagar; (d) Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad; (e) Institute for Minerals and Materials Technology (IMMT), Bhubaneswar; (f ) National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), Chennai; (g) Advanced Centre for Treatment, Education and Research (ACTREC), Mumbai; and (h) Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai. State Government Institutions: (a) Department of Fisheries, Government of West Bengal, Kolkata and (b) Topiwala National Medical College, Mumbai. Universities: (a) Andhra University, Visakhapatnam; (b) Calcutta University, Kolkata; (c) Annamalai University, Parangipettai; and (d) University of Madras, Chennai. Ministry of Earth Sciences : Annual Report 2009-10 41
Page 1: Annual Report 2009-2010 Ministry of
Page 5 and 6: Contents 1 An Overview of the Minis
Page 7: 12 International Cooperation 69 12.
Page 10 and 11: 1.1 The Organisational Chart Earth
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Page 14 and 15: • Fog monitoring and forecasting
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Page 28 and 29: for biological studies. Moss inhabi
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Page 42 and 43: Fig 6.3: Assembled unit of mining s
Page 44 and 45: een raised to 19m height. All these
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Page 50 and 51: The major achievements made during
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Page 82 and 83: 16 Finance The total budget allocat
Page 84 and 85: 18 Representation of SCs/STs/OBCs i
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Page 88 and 89: 20 Citizens’ Charter The Citizens
Page 90 and 91: 12. Francis P.A, and Sulochana Gadg
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