soil - Lublin

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conditions applied to the soil sample. The instantaneous profile method (IPM) rest on simultaneously measurements of water content and water potential dynamic in the process of drying or wetting the soil column (Fig. 2, 3). ko m p u te r wentylator com puter fen mikrotensjometry microtensiometers so n d y TD R TD R p robes m iernik TD R TD R d e vice znacznik czasu tim e m arke r podstawa base Fig. 2. TDR set-up for water content and water potential dynamic measurements in evaporation process 0.4 1000 Moisture [Vol.] 0.3 0.2 0.1 moisture - 1 cm moisture - 2.5 cm moisture - 4 cm water potential - 1 cm water potential- 2.5 cm water potential - 4 cm 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 Water potential [hPa] 0 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 Time [s] 0 Fig. 3. Water content and water potential dynamic in soil column 142
Assuming that the process of water transport takes place under isothermal conditions and is one-dimensional, the Darcy’s low is valid for the proposed experimental conditions. The water flow can be described with the use of the following equation: ⎛ ∂ψ ( z, t) ⎞ q( z, t) = −k( ψ ) ⎜ −1⎟ ⎝ ∂z ⎠ (1) Alternatively the flux can be calculated from the equation: q( z, t) = − z ∫ z= z 0 ∂θ ( z, t) dz ∂t (2) Comparing these equations it is possible to calculate the hydraulic conductivity k(ψ) from the equation: z ∂θ ( z, t) ∫ dz ∂t z= z0 k( ψ ) = (3) ⎛ ∂ψ ( z, t) ⎞ ⎜ −1⎟ ⎝ ∂z ⎠ Using this method it is possible to determine relationship between hydraulic conductivity coefficient and water potential (see fig. 4) and so called dynamic retention curve (see fig. 5). Hydraulic conductivity [cm · day -1 ] 2.00E-01 1.80E-01 1.60E-01 1.40E-01 1.20E-01 1.00E-01 8.00E-02 6.00E-02 4.00E-02 2.00E-02 0.00E+00 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Water potential [hPa] Fig.4. Hydraulic conductivity coefficient as a function of water potential Water potential [hPa] 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 0.2 0.3 0.4 Moisture [Vol.] Fig. 5. Dynamic retention curve 143
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Jan Gliński, Grzegorz Józefaciuk,
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CONTENTS PART A: GAS EXCHANGE Revie
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SOIL - PLANT - ATMOSPHERE AERATION
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In single observations, rates of N
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than in the night while CH 4 uptake
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Pumpanen et al. (2003b) measured wi
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5. Liikanen A 2002. Greenhouse gas
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EFFECT OF SOIL TILLAGE AND COMPACTI
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Cumulative CO 2 (kg C ha -1 ) 600 F
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Soil depth (mm) 0 20 40 60 80 Diffu
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METHANE Main suppliers to the atmos
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3. Emission of N 2 O is higher from
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30. Kusa, K., Sawamoto, T., Hatano,
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GAS EMISSION FROM WETLANDS Stępnie
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ater retention capacity in the chan
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zone, while in Nadrybie lake the le
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Eh 350 300 250 mV 200 150 100 50 0
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Table 1. Sources and sinks of atmos
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Fig. 1. Quasi - equilibrium methane
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Fig. 5. Concentration of nitrous ox
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drooxygenology, such subbranches as
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Fig. 3. Soil microbial respiration
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NITROUS OXIDE EMISSION FROM SOILS W
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N2O-N [mg kg -1 ] 100 80 60 40 20 0
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7. McKenney, D.J., C.F. Drury, and
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AERATION STATUS OF SOIL AND ENZYME
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Catalase is heme-containing enzyme
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8. Deng S., Dick R. Sulfur oxidatio
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The number of profiles representing
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tics (Stępniewski et al., in press
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MICROBIAL ECOLOGY OF SOIL POROUS ME
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The bulk of non-rhizosphere soil is
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RELATIONS The relations between soi
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23. Mamilov A.Sh., Byzov, B.A. Zvya
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silts. The content of C org in the
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Table 2. Continued Location Day of
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5 o C Eh (mV 400 300 200 100 1A 1B
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STRUCTURE FORMATION AND ITS CONSEQU
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when water content differences are
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authors stated that O 2 gradients i
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strength of the already existing st
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source of transforming DNA for Acin
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THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE RHIZOSPHERE
Page 88 and 89: der field conditions r-strategists
Page 90 and 91: 22. Tarafdar JC and Jungk A 1987. P
Page 92 and 93: ics behavior have been published (K
Page 94 and 95: Activity of dehydrogenase (DHA) was
Page 96 and 97: The rather small concentration of A
Page 98 and 99: The effect of the pesticide dosage
Page 100 and 101: METHANOTROPHIC ACTIVITY OF COAL MIN
Page 102 and 103: GC TESTS Air-tight bottles (60 ml)
Page 104 and 105: dumping. For older rock samples, af
Page 106 and 107: SOIL - PLANT - ATMOSPHERE AERATION
Page 108 and 109: - properties of plant surface and c
Page 110 and 111: mination, should be considered.The
Page 112 and 113: Considering a possibility of detect
Page 114 and 115: SURFACE PROPERTIES OF SOILS AND THE
Page 116 and 117: clay content the latter processes p
Page 118 and 119: der alkaline treatment the silica o
Page 120 and 121: COMPACTION EFFECTS ON SOIL PHYSICAL
Page 122 and 123: suming and expensive regression-bas
Page 124 and 125: CROP RESPONSE Roots A characteristi
Page 126 and 127: CONCLUSIONS Alterations in the aggr
Page 128 and 129: 27. Keller, T., Arvidsson, J., Dawi
Page 130 and 131: MONITORING OF POROUS MEDIA PROCESSE
Page 132 and 133: - temperature: semiconductor, therm
Page 134 and 135: This is the reason why the optimisa
Page 136 and 137: CONCEPTS AND MORPHOLOGY OF HYDROMOR
Page 140 and 141: ESTIMATION OF THE HYDROPHYSICAL CHA
Page 142 and 143: Fig. 6. Scheme of EURO-ACCESS-II mo
Page 144 and 145: The experimental field is located a
Page 146: Nannipieri Paolo Ostrowska Aneta Os
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