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The rather small concentration of AMPA in the leaching solution testifies that glyphosate is characterized by great stability in aerated conditions and indicates small affinity to sorption (presence of 72.8% in water solution after 4 weeks after amendment). Opposite to aerated conditions, where G+AMPA content was 74.8% of introduced Glyphosate, only 26.6% of G+AMPA was found in the solution in flooded treatments, of which 57% was detected as the MPA form. On the contrary, the higher concentration of MFS in leaching solution indicates fast transformation of fonofos in the aerated treatment. At low-oxygen incubation it is decomposed rather slowly, which indicates the proportion between F and MFS as 95% and 5% in leaching solution. In the anaerobic treatment with the 10-fold dose of fonofos, about half (49.2%) of the pesticide introduced was found in the leaching solution, while 40% of the metabolites was found in aerobic conditions. At smaller doses of pesticide introduced, no presence of MFS was identified after 4 weeks of incubation. Figs 4 and 5 present the dehydrogenase and acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity changes as modified by aeration conditions and dosage of pesticides. Fig.4. Dehydrogenase activity in soil column after different doses of glyphosate (A) and fonofos (B) amendments after 4 weeks of incubation 99
Acid activity, ng g -1 min -1 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 1 2 3 4 5 depth flooded, without Glyphosate flooded, normal dose of Glyphosate flooded, 10-fold dose of Glyphosate non-flooded, without Glyphosate non-flooded, normal dose of Glyphosate non-flooded, 10-fold dose of Glyphosate Fig.5. Acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterase in soil column after different doses of glyphosate (A) and fonofos (B) amendments after 4 weeks of incubation The effect of oxygen on the dehydrogenase activity is presented in Fig. 6. While the transformation of glyphosate was dependent on the aeration conditions and the dosage of pesticide, the Eh value had a much stronger effect on the dehydrogenase activity. The presence of the pesticide was rather indirect as a new carbon source for microorganisms. Fig.6. Acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity in soil column after different doses of fonofos amendments 100
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Jan Gliński, Grzegorz Józefaciuk,
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CONTENTS PART A: GAS EXCHANGE Revie
Page 6 and 7:
SOIL - PLANT - ATMOSPHERE AERATION
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In single observations, rates of N
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than in the night while CH 4 uptake
Page 12 and 13:
Pumpanen et al. (2003b) measured wi
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5. Liikanen A 2002. Greenhouse gas
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EFFECT OF SOIL TILLAGE AND COMPACTI
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Cumulative CO 2 (kg C ha -1 ) 600 F
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Soil depth (mm) 0 20 40 60 80 Diffu
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METHANE Main suppliers to the atmos
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3. Emission of N 2 O is higher from
Page 26 and 27:
30. Kusa, K., Sawamoto, T., Hatano,
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GAS EMISSION FROM WETLANDS Stępnie
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ater retention capacity in the chan
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zone, while in Nadrybie lake the le
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Eh 350 300 250 mV 200 150 100 50 0
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Table 1. Sources and sinks of atmos
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Fig. 1. Quasi - equilibrium methane
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Fig. 5. Concentration of nitrous ox
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drooxygenology, such subbranches as
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Fig. 3. Soil microbial respiration
Page 46 and 47: NITROUS OXIDE EMISSION FROM SOILS W
Page 48 and 49: N2O-N [mg kg -1 ] 100 80 60 40 20 0
Page 50 and 51: 7. McKenney, D.J., C.F. Drury, and
Page 52 and 53: AERATION STATUS OF SOIL AND ENZYME
Page 54 and 55: Catalase is heme-containing enzyme
Page 56 and 57: 8. Deng S., Dick R. Sulfur oxidatio
Page 58 and 59: The number of profiles representing
Page 60 and 61: tics (Stępniewski et al., in press
Page 62 and 63: MICROBIAL ECOLOGY OF SOIL POROUS ME
Page 64 and 65: The bulk of non-rhizosphere soil is
Page 66 and 67: RELATIONS The relations between soi
Page 68 and 69: 23. Mamilov A.Sh., Byzov, B.A. Zvya
Page 70 and 71: silts. The content of C org in the
Page 72 and 73: Table 2. Continued Location Day of
Page 74 and 75: 5 o C Eh (mV 400 300 200 100 1A 1B
Page 76 and 77: STRUCTURE FORMATION AND ITS CONSEQU
Page 78 and 79: when water content differences are
Page 80 and 81: authors stated that O 2 gradients i
Page 82 and 83: strength of the already existing st
Page 84 and 85: source of transforming DNA for Acin
Page 86 and 87: THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE RHIZOSPHERE
Page 88 and 89: der field conditions r-strategists
Page 90 and 91: 22. Tarafdar JC and Jungk A 1987. P
Page 92 and 93: ics behavior have been published (K
Page 94 and 95: Activity of dehydrogenase (DHA) was
Page 98 and 99: The effect of the pesticide dosage
Page 100 and 101: METHANOTROPHIC ACTIVITY OF COAL MIN
Page 102 and 103: GC TESTS Air-tight bottles (60 ml)
Page 104 and 105: dumping. For older rock samples, af
Page 106 and 107: SOIL - PLANT - ATMOSPHERE AERATION
Page 108 and 109: - properties of plant surface and c
Page 110 and 111: mination, should be considered.The
Page 112 and 113: Considering a possibility of detect
Page 114 and 115: SURFACE PROPERTIES OF SOILS AND THE
Page 116 and 117: clay content the latter processes p
Page 118 and 119: der alkaline treatment the silica o
Page 120 and 121: COMPACTION EFFECTS ON SOIL PHYSICAL
Page 122 and 123: suming and expensive regression-bas
Page 124 and 125: CROP RESPONSE Roots A characteristi
Page 126 and 127: CONCLUSIONS Alterations in the aggr
Page 128 and 129: 27. Keller, T., Arvidsson, J., Dawi
Page 130 and 131: MONITORING OF POROUS MEDIA PROCESSE
Page 132 and 133: - temperature: semiconductor, therm
Page 134 and 135: This is the reason why the optimisa
Page 136 and 137: CONCEPTS AND MORPHOLOGY OF HYDROMOR
Page 138 and 139: conditions applied to the soil samp
Page 140 and 141: ESTIMATION OF THE HYDROPHYSICAL CHA
Page 142 and 143: Fig. 6. Scheme of EURO-ACCESS-II mo
Page 144 and 145: The experimental field is located a
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Nannipieri Paolo Ostrowska Aneta Os
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