soil - Lublin

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8. Deng S., Dick R. Sulfur oxidation and rhodanese activity. 1990 Soil Sci. 150, 552-560. 9. Gliński J., Stahr K., Stępniewska Z., Brzezińska M. 1996 Changes of redox and pH conditions in a flooded soil amended with glucose and manganese oxide under laboratory conditions. Z. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk., 159, 297-304. 10. Gliński J., Stępniewska Z., Brzezińska M. 1986 Characterization of the dehydrogenase and catalase activity of the soils of two natural sites with respect to the soil oxygenation status. Pol. J. Soil Sci. 19, 47-52. 11. Gliński J., Stępniewska Z., Kasiak A. 1983 Changes of soil enzyme activity at different water and oxygen content in Polish. Roczn. Glebozn. 34, 53-59. 12. Gliński J., Stępniewski W. 1985 Soil Aeration and its Role for Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. 13. Gliński J., Stępniewski W., Stępniewska Z., Włodarczyk T., Brzezińska M. 2000 Characteristics of aeration properties of selected soil profiles from Central Europe. Int. Agrophysics 14, 17-31. 14. Kandeler E., Tscherko D., Spiegel H. 1999 Long-term monitoring of microbial biomass, N mineralization and enzyme activities of a Chernozem under different tillage management. Biol. Fertil. Soils 28, 343-351. 15. Lipiec, J., Stępniewski, W. 1995 Effect of soil compaction and tillage systems on uptake and losses of nutrients. Soil Tillage Res. 35, 37-52. 16. Nannipieri P., Sastre I., Landi L., Lobo M.C., Pietramellara G. 1996 Determination of extracellular phosphomonoesterase activity in soil. Soil Biol. Biochem. 28, 107-112. 17. Okazaki M., Hirata E., Tensho K. 1983 TTC reduction in submerged soils. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 29, 489-497. 18. Ottow J.C.G. 1982 Bedeutung des Redoxpotentials für die Reduktion von Nitrat und FeI- II-Oxiden in Böden. Z. Pflanzenernäh. Bodenk. 145, 91-93. 19. Pedrazzini F.R., McKee K.L. 1984 Effect of flooding on activities of soil dehydrogenases in rice Oryza sativa L. roots. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 30, 359-366. 20. Pulford I.D., Tabatabai M.A. 1988 Effect of waterlogging on enzyme activities on soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. 20, 215-219. 21. Ray R.C., Beherea N., Sethunathan N. 1985 Rhodanese activity of flooded and nonflooded soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. 17, 159, 162. 22. Stępniewska Z., Brzezińska M., Gliński J., Stępniewski W., Włodarczyk T., Čurlik J., Houšková B. 2000 Aeration status of some Slovakian soils. Int. Agrophysics 14, 327-339. 23. Stępniewska Z., Gliński J., Włodarczyk T., Brzezińska M., Blum W.E.H., Rampazzo N., Wimmer B. 1997 Soil aeration status of some Austrian soils. Int. Agroph. 11, 199-206. 24. Stępniewski W., Stępniewska Z., Gliński J., Brzezińska M., Włodarczyk T., Przywara G., Várallayay G., Rajkai K. 2000 Dehydrogenase activity of some Hungarian soils as related to their water and aeration status. Int. Agrophysics 14, 341-354. 25. Tiwari M. B., Tiwari B. K., Mishra R. R. 1989 Enzyme activity and carbon dioxide evolution from upland and wetland rice soils under three agricultural practices in hilly regions. Biol. Fertil. Soils 7, 359-364. 26. Walczak, R., Rovdan, E., Witkowska-Walczak, B. 2002 Water retention characteristics of peat and sand mixtures. Int. Agrophysics 16, 161-165. 27. Włodarczyk T., Stepniewski W., Brzezińska M. 2002 Dehydrogenase activity redox potential, and emissions of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide from Cambisols under flooding conditions. Biol. Fertil. Soils 36, 200-206. 59
MAPPING OF SOIL AERATION PROPERTIES Gliński J., Stępniewska Z., Ostrowski J., Stępniewski W. REDOX PROCESSES IN SOILS Soil aeration is closely connected with the relations of air-water conditions in soils. This relations affect biological activity of soil organisms mainly microorganisms which are very sensitive to oxidation or reduction processes (Gliński and Stępniewski, 1985). For the environment the most important are reduction processes. Redox status is a base for understanding soil properties, such as composition of soil solution, soil reaction, availability of water, gases emission to the atmosphere, stability of metalorganic compounds, electrokinetic properties, surface charge, biological activity and others (Carter, 1980; Engler and Patrick, 1974; Gliński and Stępniewski, 1985; Hesse, 1971; Jeffrey, 1960; Kauncher et al., 1974; Patrick and Jugusjinda, 1992; Ponnamperuma, 1986; Van Cleemput et al.,1976; Yu, 1985; Gliński et al., 2000). The reduced forms of elements, often toxic for plants and other living organisms, pollute environment and increase greenhouse gases concentration in the atmosphere. The status of soil redox processes is expressed by the redox potential (Eh). The ability of the soil to maintain its redox potential is a measure of soil resistance to reduction (Gliński and Stępniewski, 1986; Stępniewska, 1988). Soil can counteract changes in its redox potential (redox buffering). Soil redox buffering capacity is a result of microbial activity, carbon availability, temperature, and of the oxidizing forms of nitrogen, manganese, iron, sulphur and phosphorus. It is defined as a time during which soil redox potential, under flood conditions at a definite temperature, drops to the value of 400 mV corresponding to nitrate decomposition (t 400 ) or to the value of 300 mV corresponding to the reduction of manganese and iron (t 300 ). The determination of soil resistance to reduction consists of flooding of the air dry soil samples with distilled water (soil : water = 1:1 w/w ratio), one time mixing and placing quiet in a thermostat. During the incubation a drop of Eh is measured. From the plots of the relation between Eh and time, t 400 and t 300 values are found. The above mentioned determinations were used to analyse around 900 soil samples stored in the Bank of Soil Samples of the Institute of Agrophysics of the Polish Academy of Science in Lublin (Gliński et al., 1991). BANK OF SOIL SAMPLES The samples of the Bank were taken from the representative soil profiles characterizing main units of the arable mineral soils of the entire soil cover of Poland (Table 1). 60
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Jan Gliński, Grzegorz Józefaciuk,
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CONTENTS PART A: GAS EXCHANGE Revie
Page 6 and 7: SOIL - PLANT - ATMOSPHERE AERATION
Page 8 and 9: In single observations, rates of N
Page 10 and 11: than in the night while CH 4 uptake
Page 12 and 13: Pumpanen et al. (2003b) measured wi
Page 14 and 15: 5. Liikanen A 2002. Greenhouse gas
Page 16 and 17: EFFECT OF SOIL TILLAGE AND COMPACTI
Page 18 and 19: Cumulative CO 2 (kg C ha -1 ) 600 F
Page 20 and 21: Soil depth (mm) 0 20 40 60 80 Diffu
Page 22 and 23: METHANE Main suppliers to the atmos
Page 24 and 25: 3. Emission of N 2 O is higher from
Page 26 and 27: 30. Kusa, K., Sawamoto, T., Hatano,
Page 28 and 29: GAS EMISSION FROM WETLANDS Stępnie
Page 30 and 31: ater retention capacity in the chan
Page 32 and 33: zone, while in Nadrybie lake the le
Page 34 and 35: Eh 350 300 250 mV 200 150 100 50 0
Page 36 and 37: Table 1. Sources and sinks of atmos
Page 38 and 39: Fig. 1. Quasi - equilibrium methane
Page 40 and 41: Fig. 5. Concentration of nitrous ox
Page 42 and 43: drooxygenology, such subbranches as
Page 44 and 45: Fig. 3. Soil microbial respiration
Page 46 and 47: NITROUS OXIDE EMISSION FROM SOILS W
Page 48 and 49: N2O-N [mg kg -1 ] 100 80 60 40 20 0
Page 50 and 51: 7. McKenney, D.J., C.F. Drury, and
Page 52 and 53: AERATION STATUS OF SOIL AND ENZYME
Page 54 and 55: Catalase is heme-containing enzyme
Page 58 and 59: The number of profiles representing
Page 60 and 61: tics (Stępniewski et al., in press
Page 62 and 63: MICROBIAL ECOLOGY OF SOIL POROUS ME
Page 64 and 65: The bulk of non-rhizosphere soil is
Page 66 and 67: RELATIONS The relations between soi
Page 68 and 69: 23. Mamilov A.Sh., Byzov, B.A. Zvya
Page 70 and 71: silts. The content of C org in the
Page 72 and 73: Table 2. Continued Location Day of
Page 74 and 75: 5 o C Eh (mV 400 300 200 100 1A 1B
Page 76 and 77: STRUCTURE FORMATION AND ITS CONSEQU
Page 78 and 79: when water content differences are
Page 80 and 81: authors stated that O 2 gradients i
Page 82 and 83: strength of the already existing st
Page 84 and 85: source of transforming DNA for Acin
Page 86 and 87: THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE RHIZOSPHERE
Page 88 and 89: der field conditions r-strategists
Page 90 and 91: 22. Tarafdar JC and Jungk A 1987. P
Page 92 and 93: ics behavior have been published (K
Page 94 and 95: Activity of dehydrogenase (DHA) was
Page 96 and 97: The rather small concentration of A
Page 98 and 99: The effect of the pesticide dosage
Page 100 and 101: METHANOTROPHIC ACTIVITY OF COAL MIN
Page 102 and 103: GC TESTS Air-tight bottles (60 ml)
Page 104 and 105: dumping. For older rock samples, af
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SOIL - PLANT - ATMOSPHERE AERATION
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- properties of plant surface and c
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mination, should be considered.The
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Considering a possibility of detect
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SURFACE PROPERTIES OF SOILS AND THE
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clay content the latter processes p
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der alkaline treatment the silica o
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COMPACTION EFFECTS ON SOIL PHYSICAL
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suming and expensive regression-bas
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CROP RESPONSE Roots A characteristi
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CONCLUSIONS Alterations in the aggr
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27. Keller, T., Arvidsson, J., Dawi
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MONITORING OF POROUS MEDIA PROCESSE
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- temperature: semiconductor, therm
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This is the reason why the optimisa
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CONCEPTS AND MORPHOLOGY OF HYDROMOR
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conditions applied to the soil samp
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ESTIMATION OF THE HYDROPHYSICAL CHA
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Fig. 6. Scheme of EURO-ACCESS-II mo
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The experimental field is located a
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Nannipieri Paolo Ostrowska Aneta Os
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