The Journal of the Siam Society Vol. LXXII, Part 1-2, 1984 - Khamkoo

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THE 1902 SIAMESE-KELANTAN TREATY 113 After the King-Swettenham meeting, Lansdowne telegraphed his instruction to Tower in Bangkok "to keep His Majesty to his word", namely the agreement he gave to Swettenham to make treaties with Kelantan and Trengganu the basis for further negotiations. Meanwhile, the Siamese Government officially replied to the British pro-memorid of January, 1902, which contained British offer to lend British officials to help solve the problems in Kelantan and other Siamese Malay States. The Siamese gave consent to a written agreement to be concluded between Siam and the Rulers of Kelantan and Trengganu, but refused to include Patani in the new arrangement as proposed by Britain. They also agreed to nominate officials of British nationality to serve in the Siamese dependencies of Kelantan and Trengganu.S4 Once the basic understanding for the negotiations had been reached, the Siamese submitted the draft of the proposed Treaty to the British Gevernment for discussion. The crux of the Siamese proposals was that the Rulers of the Siamese Malay States should "legally" accept Siamese authority over their contact with foreigners, in return, the Siamese promised not to interfere with the internal administration of these States, and to appoint residents to help with the administration of the States. However, Bangkok reserved the right to control the Telegraph, Posts, and Railways Departments as well as the right to a tithe of the gross revenue in place of the traditional bunga mas.ss negotiations. The following period between April and October was the time of tough The fact that the Draft Agreement of April 9 was discussed and considered sometimes simultaneously at three places, Bangkok, Singapore, and London, spoke clearly for the difficulty encountered by both parties. The negotiations which began between Mr. Tower, the British Minister in Bangkok, and Prince Devawongse, the Siamese Minister for Foreign Affairs, shifted to Singapore where Tower was instructed to go for consultations with Sir Frank Swettenham on the Siamese Draft Agreement. They came up with an amended version of the said proposals which, though accepting Siamese authority over the two States in foreign affairs, including concessions and grants, in return for the Malay Rulers' autonomy in the affairs of their own States, did not recognise Siamese claims over telegraph, posts, and railways, nor did it agree to the Siamese extensive right over the revenue of these Malay States except under a strict and limited condition.s6 Both Tower and Swettenbam urged the Home Government to 54. PO 422/56 Tower to Lansdowne, March 29, 1902, (telegraphic) 55. PO 422/56 Tower to Lansdowne, April 9, 1902, (telegraphic); also see the details of the Siamese Draft in Appendix C. 56. PO 422/56 Swettenham to Chamberlain, April 17, 1902, telegraphic and secret; Tower to Lansdowne, Aprill9, 1902; and see Appendix D of this article.
114 Kobkua Suwannathat-Pian insist upon this amended version. Swettenham, in particular, recommended that strong measures should be taken if Siam refused to agree to it.S7 The Siamese answer to the amended Draft was presented in the form of a memorandum which stated that, "after a careful examination of the proposals of Her Britannic Majesty's Minister Plenipotentiary, that the acceptance of those proposals would not be conductive to the objec.t of the two Governments, namely the maintenance of the integrity and the independence of Siam, and they therefore express their regret that they are unable to accept them."58 Tower wired in the same despatch recommending a tough stand by warning the Siamese Government of the possible dash of force if Siam were to use force against the two States, namely the British support for the Malay chiefs. At this stage, Tower was fully supported by Swettenham who, in a separate despatch, urged the Secretary for the Colonies to overcome Siamese tactics of not negotiating by affecting a direct deal with Kelantan and Trengganu "to protect our own interests and theirs".s9 Finally Lansdowne decided to apply more pressure on Siam and instructed Tower by telegraq1 to present the matter to the King in such a way that His Majesty would understand clearly that it would serve his interest to accept the amended Draft without being compelled by British acts. Nevertheless, Lansdowne seemed to tone down his tough approach after his interview with the Siamese Minister in London. Yet· to make certain that the Siamese were not simply employing delay tactics, he informed Phraya Prasiddhi that the Siamese would have to accept the appointment of British subjects as advisers to the Malay Raja and also ratify the Duff concessions to indicate that "the Siamese Government were in earnest .... [and] unless this were done without further delay, we should certainly be pressed to come to terms with the Rajahs without further reference to the Siamese Govemment."60 Nevertheless, the difficulties faced by the negotiators were so great that eventually the Siamese found it impossible to continue the main negotiations in Bangkok as the British Minister was, in their opinion, totally under the influence of the Governor-General of Singapore. 61 They requested to hold the main negotiations in London and, by the end of June, the Siamese special envoy with full powers to conclude 57. FO 422/56 Swettenham to Chamberlain, April 21, 1902, secret, namely British independent action to come to arrangements with Kelantan and Trengganu and put an end to Siamese authority and pretension in these States. 58. FO 422/56 Tower to Lansdowne, May 15, 1902, (telegraphic). 59. FO 422/56.Swettenham to Chamberlain, May 16, 1902, (telegraphic). 60. FO 422/56 Lansdowne to Tower, June 5, 1902, (confidential). 61. See Chulalongkorn to Suriya, R5. M62/79-89, March 17, R.S. 121 (1903), NAT.
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jOURNAL OF THE SIAM SOCIETY Content
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Page VIRGINIA M. Dl CROCCO Khin Myo
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A PROLEGOMENA ON TRADITIONAL WISDOM
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··: A PROLEGOMENA ON TRADITIONAL
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A PROLEGOMENA ON TRJU)l'l'JONJU. Wl
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WHY WERE THE JATAKAS "HIDDEN AWAY"
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WHY WERE THE JATAKAS ''IDDDEN AWAY"
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LES AMBASSADEURS SIAMOIS A VERSAILL
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., ' ,,_ . LES AMBASSADEUR:S ·SIAM
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Doc. 1 Gravure representant l'amena
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;J~tn oc- C:••n Sriui S tL,·au
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PROLEGOMENA TO METHODS FOR USING TH
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AYUTTHAYAN LAWS 39 institutions may
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AYUTTHAYAN LAWS 41 other instance a
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AYUTTHAYAN LAWS 43 If we accept tha
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AYUTTHAYAN LAWS 45 included a ·sor
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AYUTTBAYAN LAWS 47 This table i.ndi
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AYUTTHAYAN LAWS 49 contain that of
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AYUTTHAYAN LAWS 51 one of the anoma
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AYUTTHA'YAN LAWS 53 5. The Palatine
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AYUTTHAYAN LAWS 55 Greater clarity
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-------------- --- -- AYUTTHAYAN LA
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60 Cyril Skinner fear,3 but also to
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62 Cyril Skinner A year later, .the
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64 Cyril Skinner old rice taken up
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Page 107 and 108: 90 Cyril Skinnet Appendix A Letter
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Page 111 and 112: 94 Cyril Skinner BIBLIOGRAPHY Chodm
Page 114 and 115: THE 1902 SIAMESE-KELANT AN TREATY :
Page 116 and 117: THE ,1902 SIAMESE-KELANTAN TREATY 9
Page 118 and 119: THE 1902 SIAMESE-KELANTAN TREATY 99
Page 124 and 125: THE 1902 SIAMESE~KELANTAN .TREATY 1
Page 126 and 127: THE 1902 $I.I\ME.$E-KELANT,AN TREAT
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Page 162 and 163: KEDAR, KELANTAN AND TRENGGANU 143 T
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KEDAH, KELANTAN AND TRENGGANU 163 T
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KEDAH, KELANTAN AND TRENGGANU 165 S
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SANGHA ORGANIZATION IN 19TH CENTURY
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- - ---- THE SOVEREIGNTY OF DHAMMA
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BUDDHIST SOCIAL ETHICS IN RURAL THA
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VALUES OF THAI BUDDHISTS AND THAI C
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VALUES OF THAI BUDDillSTS AND THAI
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TABLE 1 Differences in Ratings of V
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VALUES OF THAI BUDDIDSTS AND THAI C
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NOTE 229 tion and use in the stimul
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REVIEWS Soedjatmoko, Development an
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C.l. Itty, ed., Searching for Asian
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REVIEWS 235 This Report presents th
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S. Sivaraksa, Chuang haeng cbiwit (
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REVIEWS 239 novice for at least a l
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d 0 c:&~91 'J)~ .... ( CI'2J1\'lilf
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Ernest Young, The Kingdom of the Ye
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Malcolm Smith, A Physician at the C
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Anuvit Charernsupkul, The Elements
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David A, Kohl, Chinese Architecture
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J. Westermeyer, Poppies, Pipes and
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Yoshito Yamane, Raosu ni sasageta w
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Victor B. Lieberman, Burmese Admini
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Khin Myo Chit, A Wonderland of Burm
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Mochtar Lubis, Twilight in Djakarta
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Sri Mulyono, Human Character in the
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David J. and Indrani Kalupahana Sha
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REVIEWS 265 Four profound and clear
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OBITUARY 267 mind, could not help a
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THE KAMTHIENG HOUSE ITS HISTORY AND
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Old Homes of Bangkok Fragile Link T
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REFLECTIONS ON THAI CULTURE Collect
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The Journal of the Siam Society Vol. LXXII, Part 1-2, 1984 - Khamkoo

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