The Journal of the Siam Society Vol. LXXII, Part 1-2, 1984 - Khamkoo

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J. Westermeyer, Poppies, Pipes and People : Opium and Its Use in Laos (University of California Press, 1982), 366 pp. incl. index, gloss. and bibliog. 12 black-andwhite ill. Professor Westermeyer's book represents research in Laos over a ten-year period between 1965 and 1975, in addition to which he has had the opportunity of following up individual cases among Laotion refugees within the United States. He worked in Laos under WHO and USAID as a physician and public health worker, and holds joint professorships in anthropology, psychology and psychiatry at the University of Minnesota and its associated hospital. What is remarkable about his intensive cross-cultural study of opiate addiction (which also includes an examination of the related uses of tobacco, betel, alcohol and cannabis), is its enlightened marriage of a practical concern with medicine and medical issues, with a knowledge of the social background and cultural context in which these issues· occur. Ten major hypotheses are examined, ranging from whether ethnicity is a prime determinant of opium use (with more Sinitic peoples tending to undergo greater addiction than others) and whether opium can be used regularly on a non-addictive basis, to whether current treatments of opiate addiction are at all effective, and what the most effective means of eliminating opium addiction may be. Another primary hypothesis tested is whether the view of opium addiction as a medical illness rather than a social habit is not due to an imported, Western conceptual framework. While Prof. Westermeyer's conclusion on this point may not be final, it is useful to have the question raised in a scientific context. One of the most interesting passages of the book is that dealing with the increase in police corruption and dramatic rise in the consumption of heroin caused by the passing of the anti-opium law in Laos in 1971 (after considerable international pressure). Detailed comparisons are made between heroin and opium addiction syndromes, while the author's fundamental concern with questions of cultural background and ethnicity has led him to include members of Caucasian as well as Laotian, Hmong and other groups in his sampling of cases. to be considerably informative, The results are sufficiently varied Prof. Westermeyer approaches his task professionally and competently. The data is well arranged and statistically presented. The results of numerous field trips to the more remote areas in Laos, as well as his own work at the National Narcotic Detoxification Centre in Vientiane, are analysed. Perhaps the most attractive feature of the book is that analysis of a sometimes dry and tedious kind is leavened by extensive 251
252 Nicholas Tapp biographical case-studies of individual addicts, ranging from the youngest son of a wealthy German industrialist to a 53-year old Hmong refugee village chief and a patriarchal Catholic Vietnamese merchant. This makes the book eminently readable. The comparison of different treatment modalities in one of the final chapters, particularly between those offered by a Buddhist monastery in Thailand and those offered at the National Narcotic Detoxification Centre in Vientiane, is also most instructive. Prof. Westermeyer perhaps does not deal with the medicinal uses of opium as fully as he might have done and (as he is the first to admit) his research on the course of addiction was inevitably hampered by the practical difficulties of following up individuals' life-histories on a long-term basis. Nonetheless the book is informative, illuminating and valuable, and will play a crucial role in provoking and directing further studies on this most important problem. Nicholas Tapp Department of Anthropology and Sociology, School of Oriental and African Studies, London University
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jOURNAL OF THE SIAM SOCIETY Content
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Page VIRGINIA M. Dl CROCCO Khin Myo
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A PROLEGOMENA ON TRADITIONAL WISDOM
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··: A PROLEGOMENA ON TRADITIONAL
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A PROLEGOMENA ON TRJU)l'l'JONJU. Wl
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WHY WERE THE JATAKAS "HIDDEN AWAY"
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WHY WERE THE JATAKAS ''IDDDEN AWAY"
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LES AMBASSADEURS SIAMOIS A VERSAILL
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., ' ,,_ . LES AMBASSADEUR:S ·SIAM
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Doc. 1 Gravure representant l'amena
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;J~tn oc- C:••n Sriui S tL,·au
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PROLEGOMENA TO METHODS FOR USING TH
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AYUTTHAYAN LAWS 39 institutions may
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AYUTTHAYAN LAWS 41 other instance a
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AYUTTHAYAN LAWS 43 If we accept tha
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AYUTTHAYAN LAWS 45 included a ·sor
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AYUTTBAYAN LAWS 47 This table i.ndi
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AYUTTHAYAN LAWS 49 contain that of
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AYUTTHAYAN LAWS 51 one of the anoma
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AYUTTHA'YAN LAWS 53 5. The Palatine
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AYUTTHAYAN LAWS 55 Greater clarity
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60 Cyril Skinner fear,3 but also to
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62 Cyril Skinner A year later, .the
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68 Cyril Skinner another thousand m
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70 Cyril Skinner white cloth · wax
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72 Cyt~ Skinner 9 days later Si Bq
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90 Cyril Skinnet Appendix A Letter
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94 Cyril Skinner BIBLIOGRAPHY Chodm
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THE 1902 SIAMESE-KELANT AN TREATY :
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THE ,1902 SIAMESE-KELANTAN TREATY 9
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THE 1902 SIAMESE-KELANTAN TREATY 99
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THE 1902 SIAMESE~KELANTAN .TREATY 1
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THE 1902 $I.I\ME.$E-KELANT,AN TREAT
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THE 1902 SiAMESE-KELANTAN TREATY 10
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THE 1902 SIAMESE·KELANTAN TREATY 1
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THE 1902 SIAMESE-KELANTAN T.REATY 1
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THE 1902 SIAMESE -.KELAN1'AN TREATY
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THE 1902 SIAMESE·KELANTAN tREAtY 1
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THE 1902 SIAMESE-KELANTi\N TREATY 1
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KEDAH, KELANTAN AND TRENGGANU 141 L
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KEDAR, KELANTAN AND TRENGGANU 143 T
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KEDAH, KELANTAN AND TRENGGANU 145 A
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KEDAH, KELANTAN AND TRENGGANU 149 C
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KEDAH, KELANTAN AND TRENGGANU 161 m
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KEDAH, KELANTAN AND TRENGGANU 165 S
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SANGHA ORGANIZATION IN 19TH CENTURY
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- - ---- THE SOVEREIGNTY OF DHAMMA
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BUDDHIST SOCIAL ETHICS IN RURAL THA
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Page 264 and 265: Malcolm Smith, A Physician at the C
Page 266 and 267: Anuvit Charernsupkul, The Elements
Page 268 and 269: David A, Kohl, Chinese Architecture
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Page 288 and 289: THE KAMTHIENG HOUSE ITS HISTORY AND
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Page 293: REFLECTIONS ON THAI CULTURE Collect
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The Journal of the Siam Society Vol. LXXII, Part 1-2, 1984 - Khamkoo

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