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12 K. Fiszdon, K. Góral, J. Narojek domestic cats, and contributing factors was analyzed. MATERIAL AND METHODS Questionnaires were collected from the random group of owners of 269 cats. They were to answer several questions concerning age, origin and breed of animal in question, its maintenance conditions, as well as presence of abnormal behaviors. Those included defecation/ urination in places other than provided for these purposes, aggression towards other cats, other animals and humans, excessive self-grooming, autoaggressive and destructive behaviors. Group consisted of 135 toms, 91 of them castrated, and 134 queens, 78 of them spayed. They were attributed to three age groups: up to 2 years (57 cats), from 2 to 8 years (124) and over 8 years of age (81). In seven cases owners were unable to specify the age. The majority of cats, i.e. 209, were random bred, 43 pure bred (as numbers in any of the breeds were low, they were all classified in one group), 17 had one pure bred parent, and they were classified as Mix. 143 cats were of completely unknown background and collected from streets, farms etc. (2 of them were actually adopted from animal shelters), 28 came from breeders, 15 were born and reared in owners homes, and 83 were born in homes and placed with other families. The influence of age at purchase/ /adoption time (in one case it could not be determined), presence of other animals in the household, and number of family members were determine. Data were analyzed with Chi 2 test and level of correlations between specific features presented as V-Kramer coefficient. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Abnormal behaviours were presented by 197 individuals i.e. 73% of the population. This percentage is higher than reported either in Germany by Heidenberger (1997) (54.7%) or by Voith in USA (1981) (47%). The most common behaviour reported was scratching furniture and walls (Figure 1). This behaviour, although highly undesirable for owners, is, however, utterly natural, and can be easily prevented by providing special devices. The next most frequent ones were uncontrolled urina- Scratching of furniture and walls Urination/defecation in places other than provided Aggression towards other cats Aggression towards other animals Destructive behaviours Aggression towards humans Excessive self-grooming. Autoaggres sion FIGURE 1. Percentage of behavioural disorders
Occurrence of behavioural disorders in domestic cats 13 tion/defecation and aggression toward other cats, respectively. Scratching of furniture and walls As stated earlier, scratching furniture and walls was reported as the most frequent behaviour reported – it was presented by 140 specimens, i.e. 52%. This result is distinctly and significantly higher than reported by Heidenberger (1997) in 15.2% of all cats she included in her study. Such striking difference is difficult to explain. However, such factors as country (Germany) and time (13 years ago) should be probably taken into consideration. This behaviour was not influenced either by sex or by age, and in each sex and age group was reported in appr. 50% of animals. Contrary, age at purchase/adoption and presence of other animals in the household had significant influence upon this behaviour (Tab. 1). Specifically, the younger was the animal at that time, the more frequent was the presence of behavior, and V-Kramer coefficient was cal- TABLE 1. Influence of studied factors on scratching of furniture and walls Age at time of purchase/adoption* Scratching of furniture and walls yes % no % Total Kitten up to 2 months 85 61.2 54 38.8 139 From 2 months up to 2 years 50 45.9 59 54.1 109 Over 2 years 5 25.0 15 75.0 20 Total 140 52.2 246 47.8 268 Presence of other animals* Yes 73 45.6 87 54.4 160 No 67 61.5 42 38.5 109 Total 140 52.0 129 48.0 269 Age of children (years)* 0–4 4 28.6 10 71.4 14 5–10 7 63.6 4 36.4 11 11–13 6 37.5 10 62.5 16 14–18 21 75.0 7 25.0 28 Total 38 55.0 31 45.0 69 Origin of cat Cattery 15 53.6 13 46.4 28 Born and reared in current home 5 33.3 10 66.7 15 Born in other household 50 69.2 33 39.8 83 Adopted as strays or of unknown origin 70 48.9 73 51.1 143 Total 140 52.0 129 48.0 269 Number of persons in household Single person 15 68.2 7 31.8 22 Couple 36 43.9 46 56.1 82 Couple with child 25 51.0 24 49.0 49 Couple with children 19 65.5 10 34.5 29 Several adults 44 51.2 42 48.8 86 Total 139 51.9 129 48.1 268 * – P ≤ 0.05
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