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38 H. Grodzki, T. Przysucha, J. Slósarz SIEBER M., FREEMAN A.E., KELLEY D.H., 1989: Effects of body measurements and weight on calf size and calving difficulty of Holsteins. J. Dairy Sci. 72, 9, 2402–2410. STĄPOREK K., ZIEMIŃSKI R., 2000: Hodowla bydła rasy limousine w zachodniej Polsce. Przegląd Hodowlany 7, 3–5. THOMSON D.B, WILTBANK J.N., 1983: Dystocia in relationship to shape of pelvic opening in Holstein heifers. Theriogenology 20, 6, 683–692. WHITMAN R.W., REMMENGA E.E., WIL- TBANK J.N., 1975: Weight change, condition and beef cow reproduction. J. Anim. Sci. 41, 387–394. WILTBANK J.N., 1983: Maintenance of high level of reproductive performance in beef cow herd. Vet. Clin. N. Am. Large Anim. Proc. 5, 41–57. WRONA Z., KRZYŻANOWSKI J., KRAKOW- SKI L., ŹREBIEC G., 2001: Przebieg porodów u krzyżówek mięsnych bydła rasy polskiej czarno-białej i piemonckiej. Med. Wet. 57 6, 420–422. WROŃSKI M., KIJAK Z., MICIŃSKI J., 1996: Charakterystyka pierwszego w Polsce stada bydła mięsnego rasy Limousine. Zesz.Nauk. AR we Wrocławiu XII, 291, 193–203. Streszczenie: Wpływ wybranych czynników na przebieg porodów w krzyżowaniu towarowym krów cb z buhajami francuskich ras mięsnych (blonde d’aquitaine, charolaise, limousine). Celem prezentowanej pracy było określenie wpływu wybranych czynników, takich jak: wiek krowy, kolejność ocielenia, kondycja krowy, płeć cielęcia oraz masa cielęcia przy urodzeniu na przebieg porodów w krzyżowaniu towarowym krów cb z buhajami francuskich ras mięsnych. Stwierdzono statystycznie istotny wpływ numeru ocielenia na przebieg porodu krów krytych nasieniem buhajów ras charolaise i limousine. Takiego wpływu nie stwierdzono w przypadku rasy blonde d’aquitaine, ale więcej trudnych porodów było w grupie pierwiastek i krów cielących się po raz drugi. U krów, których kondycję oceniono jako „zbyt dobrą”, obserwowano wysoki udział trudnych ocieleń, tj. dla rasy blonde d’aquitaine – 100%, dla charolaise – 20% i dla limousine 26,7%. Istotny wpływ masy ciała cielęcia przy urodzeniu na rodzaj porodu potwierdzono dla ras charolaise i limousine. Dla rasy blonde d’aquitaine zależność ta okazała się statystycznie nieistotna, ale najwięcej trudnych porodów wymagających asysty hodowcy, zaobserwowano przy masie cielęcia przekraczającej 40 kg. Uzyskane w prezentowanej pracy wyniki potwierdzają wybitną przydatność francuskich ras mięsnych do krzyżowania towarowego z krowami mlecznymi. MS. received September 1, 2010 Authors’ address: Katedra Szczegółowej Hodowli Zwierząt SGGW ul. Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warszawa Poland e-mail: henryk_grodzki@sggw.pl
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW Animal Science No 47, 2010: 39–44 (Ann. Warsaw Univ. of Life Sci. – SGGW, Anim. Sci. 47, 2010) Microsatellite polymorphism in the study of genetic diversity of an experimental flock of Ayam Cemani breed GRUSZCZYŃSKA JOANNA 1 , ŁUKASIEWICZ MONIKA 2 1 Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW 2 Department of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW Abstract: Microsatellite polymorphism in the study of genetic diversity of an experimental fl ock of Ayam Cemani breed. Blood samples were collected from pterygoidal vein of 53 birds (29 cocks and 24 hens) come from the experimental flock of Ayam Cemani hens and underwent molecular analysis. The phenol-chloroform method was used to extract genomic DNA from collected blood. Microsatellite sequences have been commonly used in molecular analysis of animal origin. On the basis of literature, 5 microsatellite sequences were chosen for further molecular analysis: MCW0210, MCW0184, LEI0071, MCW0145 and ADL0306. The automatic sequencer ALF Express (Pharmacia LKB) was used to genotype birds. Among all examined loci polymorphism was detected. Approximate analyzed microsatellite sequences lengths were: 156–168bp for MCW0210 (3 alleles); 240 and 260bp for MCW0184; 280–300bp for LEI0071 (3 alleles); 206–218bp for MCW0145 (4 alleles) and 119–125bp for ADL0306 (3 alleles). The highest level of homozygosity was found as follows for MCW0184 (about 81%), the lowest one for ADL0306 (4%). The high level of H O (0.19–0.96), H E (0.41–0.64) and PIC (0.32–0.56) were calculated and compared as not so high according to other scientific reports. Key words: Ayam Cemani breed, microsatellite sequences, genetic diversity. INTRODUCTION Microsatellite sequences are commonly exploited in investigations addressing the structure and genetic diversity of populations. Owing to their high polymorphism and co-dominant inheritance, they are applied for genome mapping and for plotting genetic maps. Ayam cemani is an original local breed from the province of Central Java (Indonesia). The word “cemani” in Java language means “completely black”, whereas “ayam” means hen. The characteristic feature of this breed is the black colour of body, comb, bells, beak, eyeballs, skin, tarsi, and black internal organs, bones and muscles. The mentioned birds are utilized for egg and meat production as well as in medicine and in religious rituals (Muryanto, 1991; Iskandar, Saepudin, 2005). In Europe, they are considered as decorative breed. The aim of the current study was, to conduct genetic characterization of the investigated experimental flock of Ayam Cemani chicken breed, and to evaluate the usefulness microsatellite markers to assess genetic diversity. MATERIAL AND METHODS Characterisic of microsatellite sequences For the molecular analysis we used blood samples from pterygoidal vein of 53 birds
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