Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW. Animal ...

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32 H. Grodzki, T. Przysucha, J. Slósarz TABLE 1. Blonde d’Aquitaine bulls in commercial crossing with dairy cows Suitability for crossbreeding Crossbred body weight at birth Calving course Calves vitality Crossbred suitability for fattening Dressing percentage Meat quality Dairy cows suitability for crossing Remarks – high – crossbreds could be fattened to the high body weight without the risk of over-fattening – high (35–45 kg) – majority of self-calvings – if possible deliveries should be monitored – low percentage of stillbirths and early mortality – very good, high daily body weight gains, good feedstuff utilization, excellent muscularity, bulging, wide muscles – high (usually over 60%), but bone share in carcass not lower than in Black and White bulls – high – heifers and cows of smaller calibre could be used – crossbreds need some better husbandry conditions than the crossbreds with other beef breeds TABLE 2. Charolaise bulls in commercial crossing with dairy cows Suitability for crossbreeding – very high – crossbreds could be fattened to the high body weight without the risk of over-fattening Crossbred body weight at birth – high (35–45 kg) Calving course – deliveries should be monitored Calves vitality – high (usually over 60%), but bone share in carcass not lower than in Black and White bulls Crossbred suitability for fattening – very good, high daily body weight gains, good feedstuff utilization, excellent muscularity, bulging, wide muscles Dressing percentage – high (usually over 60%) Meat quality – high Dairy cows suitability for crossing – only multiparous big calibre cows should be used Remarks – crossbreds need some better husbandry conditions than the crossbreds with other beef breeds TABLE 3. Limousin bulls in commercial crossing with dairy cows Suitability for crossbreeding Crossbred body weight at birth Calving course Calves vitality Crossbred suitability for fattening Dressing percentage Meat quality – very high – crossbreds could be fattened to the high body weight without the risk of over-fattening – average 32–38 kg – deliveries should be monitored – very high – very good, high daily body weight gains, good feedstuff utilization, excellent muscularity, bulging, wide muscles – high (usually over 60%), bone share in carcass much lower than in Black and White bulls – very high
The infl uence of commercial crossbreeding... 33 Table 3. (continued) Dairy cows suitability for crossing Remarks – preferably multiparous cows should be used – in case of heifers semen of limousine bulls proved on base of calving ease could be used – crossbreds need slightly better husbandry conditions than the crossbreds with the British beef breeds MATERIAL AND METHODS Data from “Cow calving course sheet” prepared by the field technicians from Mazovian Center for Breeding & Reproduction Co. Ltd. (Mazowieckie Centrum Hodowli i Rozrodu Zwierząt Sp. z o.o.) in Łowicz constituted the material for investigation. They concerned deliveries of Black and White cows serviced by bulls of Blonde d’Aquitaine breed (105 calvings), Charolaise (103) and Limousine (289). All of 492 calvings were divided into the following groups: N – easy, without any help, T – difficult, with farmer’s help or mechanical means use. Calving course dependences on: calving number (1, 2; > 3), body condition score estimated using 9 point scale according to Richards et al. (1986) directly before planned calving day according to the following levels: 1 – bad (notes 1, 2, 3), 2 – suitable (notes 4, 5, 6, 7), 3 – more than enough (notes 8, 9) as well as calf body weight at birth (kg) were assessed by Pearson χ 2 test using SPSS ver. 10.0 pl software. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Calving course ratio depending on calving number was shown in Table 4. Significant (Limousine) or highly significant (Charolaise) influence of calving number on delivery quality was proved, but in case of cows mated to Blonde d’Aquitaine bulls there was no statistically significant influence in the group of adult cows, but it TABLE 4. Calving course ratio depending on calving number Breed Blonde d’Aquitaine Charolaise Limousine Trait Calving course (%) easy difficult calving number 1 and 2 90.5 9.5 ≥ 3 91.7 8.3 average 91.4 8.6 significance χ 2 = 0.030 not significant calving number 1 and 2 83.3 16.7 ≥ 3 96.3 3.7 average 90.3 9.7 significance χ 2 = 3.321 P ≤ 0.01 calving number 1 and 2 84.4 15.6 ≥ 3 93.4 6.6 average 92.0 8.0 significance χ 2 = 4.200 P ≤ 0.05
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