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24 K. Fiszdon, K. Góral, J. Narojek and effectiveness of treatment. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 55, 153–162. LOFFLIN J., 2009: Problem eutanazji. Jak mogą pomóc lekarze weterynarii. Weterynaria po Dyplomie vol 10(1): 6. MARDER A.R., 1991: Psychotropic drugs and behavioural therapy. In: MARDER A.R., VOIHT V.L., [eds] Advances in Companion Animal Behavior. Vet Clin North Am; 21(2): 329–342. PATRONEK G.J., GLICKMAN L.T., BECK A.M., 1996; Risk factors for relinquishment of cats to an animal shelter. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 209: 582–588. SEKSEL K., 2000: Feline Urine Spraying. In: HOUPT K.A., [eds] Recent Advances in Companion Animal Behaviour Problems, International Veterinary Information Service. VOITH V.L., 1981: Therapeutic approaches to feline urinary behaviour problems. Modern Veterinary Practice, 62: 951. Streszczenie: Występowanie zaburzeń zachowania u kotów domowych. Przeprowadzono badania ankietowe wśród właścicieli 269 kotów. Analizowano wpływ takich czynników, jak płeć, wiek, rasa, pochodzenie, wiek, w którym kot przybył do domu, swoboda wychodzenia z domu, obecność innych zwierząt, liczba domowników na występowanie nieprawidłowych zachowań. Wyniki analizowano testem Chi 2 , a do określenia siły związku między cechami wykorzystano współczynnik V-Kramera. Nieprawidłowe zachowania odnotowano u 73% badanych kotów. Ponad 50% kotów drapało ściany i meble. Na zachowanie to miał wpływ wiek, w którym koty przybyły do domu, brak w domu innych zwierząt i wiek mieszkających w nim dzieci. 23,8% kotów wydalało w nieodpowiednich miejscach. Na zachowanie to istotny wpływ miał wiek kotów (najczęściej zwierzęta starsze), status reprodukcyjny – częściej u kotów sterylizowanych bez względu na płeć i obecność w domu innych zwierząt. Agresja w stosunku do innych kotów wystąpiła u 20% badanych zwierząt. Najczęściej pojawiała się u kotów powyżej 8. roku życia, była przy tym znacznie częstsza u kotów wychodzących z domu. Agresja w stosunku do zwierząt innych gatunków wystąpiła u 10% kotów. Problem ten zdarzał się istotnie częściej u samic niż samców i u kotów wychodzących z domu bez ograniczeń. Pozostałe nieprawidłowe zachowania odnotowane w badaniach to niszczenie przedmiotów (8%), agresja w stosunku do ludzi (6,7%) – istotnie częstsza w domach, w których było więcej dzieci, nadmierna pielęgnacja (2,6%) i autoagresja (1,9%). MS. received September 1, 2010 Authors’ address: Katedra Genetyki i Ogólnej Hodowli Zwierząt SGGW ul. Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warszawa Poland e-mail: katarzyna_fiszdon@sggw.pl
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW Animal Science No 47, 2010: 25–30 (Ann. Warsaw Univ. of Life Sci. – SGGW, Anim. Sci. 47, 2010) Influence of Aminokarnifarm preparate on composition of intestinal microflora of chicken broilers JULITTA GAJEWSKA 1 , MONIKA MICHALCZUK 2 , MONIKA ŁUKASIEWICZ 2 , KINGA WILCZYŃSKA-CZYŻ 1 , JAN NIEMIEC 2 1 Faculty of Agriculture and Biology Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW 2 Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW Abstract: Influence of Aminokarnifarm preparate on composition of intestinal microflora of chicken broilers. The experiment was carried out on 640 broiler chickens of Cobb 500, which were at random allocated to two nutritional groups; broilers from experimental group obtained with water Aminokarnifarm preparate, according to producent’s directions. After end of rearing, a quantitative and qualitative determinations of intestinal microflora in small intestine content at chicken broilers were done. The received results showed on the increase of a total number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in a content of small intestinal tract in experimental group, in comparison with control group. The total number of the heterotrophic intestinal bacteria didn’t distinguish significantly from control and experimental group. In tested probes of intestinal contents of broilers Salmonella sp. Shigella sp., beta haemolytic Escherichia coli and reducing sulphates Clostridium perfringens pathogenic bacteria were no isolated. Addition of Aminocarnifarm preparate showed lack of influence on decrease of coli/lacto index in small intestine of chicken broilers. The values of coli/lacto index were low (under 1), what indicated on a proper composition of the intestinal microflora. Key words: chicken broilers, Aminocarnifarm preparate, microflora of small intestine content. INTRODUCTION Health and production efficiency of broiler chickens is influenced by the composition of bacterial microflora content of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, preparates that do not interfere with the state called homeostasis normal microflora, present in the form of indigenous intestinal colonizers should be used. The action of such preparations should be beneficial and increase the number of fermentation of probiotic bacteria, which reside in the gastrointestinal ecosystem (Gajewska et al., 2000, 2003, 2009; Pietras, 2001; Józefiak et al., 2002; Seskeviciene, 2005; Oviedo-Rondon et al., 2006). For many years in the nutrition of poultry additives are commonly used, where the action is focused on the development of friendly gut microflora, improve the quality of carcasses, meat and technological value of its suitability for processing (Michalczuk et al., 2003; Pietrzak et al., 2005). Polish consumer is very demanding and looking for a product with low fat and high meat quality (visual and sensory characteristics of carcass) (Gornowicz, 2008) at the moment. However manufacturers are trying to reduce the cost of the product, which often does not allow to use in the diet expensive additives which are effective and have additive a wide
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