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30 J. Gajewska et al. MICHALCZUK M., NIEMIEC J., DĘBEK J., 2003: The use of antibiotic growth stimulant replacers on broiler chicken performance. Zesz. Nauk. Przegl. Hod., 68 (4), 119–124 (in Polish). OVIEDO-RONDON E.O., CLEMENTE-HER- NANDEZ S., SALVADOR F., WILLIAMS P., LOSA R., 2006: Essential oils on mixed coccidia vaccination and infection in broilers. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 5 (8), 723–730. PIETRAS M., 2001: The effect of probiotics on selected blood and meat parameters of broiler chickens. J. Anim. Feed Sci., 10, Supl., 2, 297– –302. PIETRZAK D., MROCZEK J., ANTOLIK A., MICHALCZUK M., NIEMIEC J., 2005: Influence of growth stimulators added to feed on the quality of meat and fat in broiler chickens. Med. Wet., 61 (5), 553–557. RABIE M.H., SZILAGYI M., GIPPERT T., VOTISKY E., GERENDAI D., 1997b: Influence of dietary L-carnitine on performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens. Acta Biol. Hung., 48, 241–252. RABIE M.H., SZILAGYI M., GIPPERT T., 1997a: Effects of dietary L-carnitine supplementation and protein level on performance and degree of meatiness and fatness of broilers. Acta Biol. Hung., 48, 221–229. SALYERS A.A., WHITT D.D., 2003: Microbiology. Diversity, pathogenicity, environment. [ed.] Z. Markiewicz. Nat. Sci. Publisher Warsaw (in Polish). SESKEVICIENE J., KOZŁOWSKI K., JAN- KOWSKI J., FARUGA A., 2005: Use of a Sanguinaria canadensis L. preparation in turkey feeding. Pol. J. Nat. Scie., 18 (1), 83–91. SHAFEY T.M., AL.-BATSHAN H.A., AL.- -OWAIMER A.N., AL.-SAMAWEI K.A., 2010: Effect of In ovo administration of L-carnitine on hatchability performance, glycogen status and insulin-like growth factor-1 of broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci., 51 (1), 122–131. SPSS 2006. SPSS, 14.0 for Windows user’s guide, 2006, by SPSS Ins. USA. ZHAI W., NEUMAN S.L., LATOUR M.A., HESTER P.Y., 2008: The effect of male and female supplementation of L-carnitine on reproductive traits of white Leghorns. Poult. Sci., 87, 1171–1181. Streszczenie: Wpływ preparatu Aminokarnifarm na skład mikrofl ory jelitowej kurcząt brojlerów. Badania przeprowadzono na 640 kurczętach COBB 500, podzielonych losowo na dwie grupy żywieniowe, kurczęta z grupy doświadczalnej otrzymywały do wody preparat Aminokarnifarm wg zaleceń producenta. Po zakończeniu odchowu wykonano ilościowe i jakościowe badania mikroflory jelitowej w treści jelita cienkiego kurcząt rzeźnych. Uzyskane wyniki wykazały wzrost liczebności bakterii kwasu mlekowego w treści jelita cienkiego brojlerów w grupie eksperymentalnej, w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną. Ogólna liczba heterotroficznych bakterii jelitowych nie różniła się znacznie między grupą kontrolną a doświadczalną. Nie stwierdzono w badanych próbkach treści jelita cienkiego brojlerów obecności chorobotwórczych bakterii: Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., E. coli beta hemolitycznych oraz Clostridium perfringens redukujących siarczyny. Aminokarnifarm nie miał istotnego wpływu na obniżanie współczynnika coli/lacto w jelicie cienkim kurcząt. Wartości współczynnika coli/lacto w grupie doświadczalnej i kontrolnej miały wartości niskie (poniżej 1), co wskazywało na właściwy skład mikroflory jelitowej. MS. received September 1, 2010 Authors’ address: Monika Michalczuk Katedra Szczegółowej Hodowli Zwierząt SGGW ul. Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warszawa Poland e-mail: monika_michalczuk@sggw.pl
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW Animal Science No 47, 2010: 31–38 (Ann. Warsaw Univ. of Life Sci. – SGGW, Anim. Sci. 47, 2010) The influence of commercial crossbreeding of dairy cows with bulls of French breeds (Blonde d’Aquitaine, Charolaise, Limousine) on calving course HENRYK GRODZKI, TOMASZ PRZYSUCHA, JAN SLÓSARZ Department of Cattle Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW Abstract: The influence of commercial crossbreeding of dairy cows with bulls of French breeds (Blonde d’Aquitaine, Charolaise, Limousine) on calving course. The aim of presented study was to indicate the influence of chosen factors on calving course in commercial crossing of Black and White cows with bulls of the French breeds: Blonde d’Aquitaine, Charolaise and Limousine. The calving number significantly influenced delivery course of Charolaise and Limousine cows, but in case of Blonde d’Aquitaine did not. The most difficult deliveries were noticed for the heifers and cows delivered the second calf. In case of Limousine cows BCS described as “more than enough” the number of difficult calvings was 26.7%, Charolaise – 20%, Blonde d’Aquitaine – 100%. It confirms, that regardless of the breed, fatty cows have much more problems during the delivery. The influence of calf body weight at birth on calving course was statistically proved for Charolaise and Limousine, also in case of Blonde s’Aquitaine the most difficult calvings were observed when the birth weight was higher than 40 kg. The obtained results show the extraordinary usefulness of the French breeds for commercial crossing with the dairy cows. Key words: commercial crossing, calving course, Blonde d’Aquitaine, Charolaise, Limousine. INTRODUCTION In the new sector of animal production in Poland, i.e. beef cattle breeding and husbandry, one of the main problems occurred is calving quality not only in purebred beef herds, but also in case of commercial crossbreeding (dairy cow × specialized beef bull). Difficult deliveries cause the meaningful financial losses due to the high ratio of stillborn calves, higher labour needs, veterinary costs, worse reproduction indices etc. Papers presented by many authors show, that the problem of difficult calvings concerns mainly the purebred beef herds, when in the commercial crossing is comparable or even lower than that in purebred herds of Holstein cows, where the ratio of difficult deliveries amounts to about 15% in heifers and about 8–10% in older cows. The aim of presented study was to indicate the influence of chosen factors like cow age, calving number, cow BCS, calf sex and body weight at birth on calving course in commercial crossing of Holstein cows with French beef beed bulls – Blonde d’Aquitaine, Charolaise and Limousine. The short description of sires of different beef breeds used in commercial crossing were shown in tables 1, 2, 3 (Chów bydła mięsnego 2009).
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