UN Guide for Anti-Corruption Policies - United Nations Office on ...

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Disclaimer The views expressed herein are those of the Authors and editors and not necessarily those of the <strong>United</strong> <strong>Nations</strong>
EQUIP YOURSELF The <strong>United</strong> <strong>Nations</strong> <strong>Guide</strong> on <strong>Anti</strong>-<strong>Corruption</strong> <strong>Policies</strong>, which contains a general outline of the nature and scope of the problem of corruption and a description of the major elements of anti-corruption policies, suitable <strong>for</strong> use by political officials and senior policy-makers. The <strong>United</strong> <strong>Nations</strong> Handbook on Practical <strong>Anti</strong>-<strong>Corruption</strong> Measures <strong>for</strong> Prosecutors and Investigators is part of a larger package of materials intended to provide in<strong>for</strong>mation and resource materials <strong>for</strong> countries developing and implementing anti-corruption strategies at all levels, as well as <strong>for</strong> other elements of civil society with an interest in combating corruption. The package consists of the following major elements. The <strong>United</strong> <strong>Nations</strong> <strong>Anti</strong>-<strong>Corruption</strong> Toolkit, which contains a detailed set of specific Tools intended <strong>for</strong> use by officials called upon to elaborate elements of a national anti-corruption strategy and to assemble these into an overall strategic framework, as well as by officials called upon to develop and implement each specific element. The Compendium of International Legal Instruments on <strong>Corruption</strong>, in which all the major relevant global and regional international treaties, agreements, resolutions and other instruments are compiled <strong>for</strong> reference. These include both legally binding obligations and some "soft-law" or normative instruments intended to serve as non-binding standards. An example of Country Assessments, as well as all four publications, is available on the Internet on the <strong>United</strong> <strong>Nations</strong> <strong>Office</strong> of Drug Control (<strong>UN</strong>ODC) web page: http://www.unodc.org/corruption.html To assist users who do not have Internet access, individual publications will also be produced and updated as necessary.
Page 4 and 5: FOREWORD United <s
Page 6 and 7: UNITED NATIONS CON
Page 8 and 9: Chapter IV International cooperatio
Page 10 and 11: TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ACKNOWLE
Page 12 and 13: VIII. DEALING WITH THE ILLICIT TRAN
Page 14 and 15: I INTRODUCTION A. Background The <s
Page 16 and 17: of the Commission for</stro
Page 18 and 19: major policy agendas of the countri
Page 20 and 21: Where the primary focus of the <str
Page 22 and 23: Definitions also vary depending on
Page 24 and 25: In both cases, corruption may exist
Page 26 and 27: Commercial dealings are no longer c
Page 28 and 29: Corruption is both
Page 30 and 31: Once bribery has occurred, it can l
Page 32 and 33: Employees or officials with access
Page 34 and 35: 9. Improper political contributions
Page 36 and 37: • The rule of law. As many of the
Page 38 and 39: combat corruption will lack credibi
Page 40 and 41: which has resulted in excellent nat
Page 42 and 43: offset real or perceived advantages
Page 44 and 45: Evidence that corruption is being r
Page 46 and 47: also the development of an independ
Page 48 and 49: as statutes creating anti-corruptio
Page 50 and 51: elements will involve the selection
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The major disadvantages 37 include
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These may include: • Constitution
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V. PREVENTION A. Introduction The p
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The lack of adequate financial and
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4. Employee culture and motivation,
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are common to most if not all burea
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Proactive measures against conflict
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10. Disclosure of Assets Requiring
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VI. AWARENESS RAISING AND PUBLIC PA
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formats, and the a
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2. The messages to be delivered Dep
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a. Political and legislative measur
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• The general identification, edu
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VII. DOMESTIC LEGAL ELEMENTS: THE U
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B. Criminal Law 1. Criminal offence
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offences must be created and define
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and whether the conclusion which is
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elatively minor infractions to the
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3. Confiscation of the proceeds of
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4. Money laundering laws Money laun
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eview information
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VIII. DEALING WITH THE ILLICIT TRAN
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A fourth and related issue which mu
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Methodologies can also vary widely,
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accordance with their advice, and t
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of Transparency International, are
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GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR FIGHTING COR
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Effective practices include: • Sy
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• Promoting effor</strong
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involvement of society at large. Wo
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Corruption. 21. Pa
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C. Plan of action 1. General Princi
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B. INTERNATIONAL LEGAL INSTRUMENTS
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liberty that can lead to extraditio
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fight corruption and in particular
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10. Convention on the fight against
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Furthermore, the Convention address
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1997 from which it derives inspirat
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presently the case. These provision
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Recommends that the governments of
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Article 12 Reporting 1. The public
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Article 19 Reaction to improper off
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Article 28 Observance of this Code
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Code of Judicial Conduct I. Proprie
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1.23 A judge may receive compensati
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4.9 Disqualification of a judge is
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7.4 Ordinarily, except in serious c
Page 147:
Langseth, P. 2000. Prevention: An E
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