Transmucosal Nasal Drug Delivery: Systemic Bioavailability of ...

3. Midazolam
Table 3-4: Indications and clinical situations where nasal administration of midazolam is beneficial
Indication/clinical situation
Premedication before anesthesia
Reference
Emergency children: [Goepfert 1996]
children: [Davis, et al. 1995; Geldner et al., 1997; Griffith, et al.;
Jaennet 1999; Kogan et al., 2002; Lejus, et al. 1997; Ljung and
Andreasson 1996; Rey et al., 1991; Rose, et al. 1990]
adults: [U.Haas 1998]
adults: [Wolfe and Bernstone 2004]
Status epilepticus children: [Fisgin et al., 2000; Fisgin et al., 2002; Jaennet 1999;
Kutlu et al., 2000; Lahat, et al. 1998]
adults: [Gilat et al., 2003; Kendall et al., 1997; Lahat et al., 1992;
Scheepers et al., 2000; Scheepers et al., 1998; Scott et al., 1999;
Scott et al., 1997]
(Febrile) childhood seizure [Johnson 2001; Koren 2000; Lahat et al., 2000]
Short surgical procedures
adults: [Ljungman 2000; Malinovsky, et al. 1993; Saint-Maurice
et al., 1990]
MRI examinations
adults: [Moss et al., 1993; Münte Sinikka 2002; Schweizer et al.,
1992]
Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy adults: [Uygur-Bayramicli, et al. 2002]
Dental surgery
children:[Abrams et al., 1993; al-Rakaf et al., 2001; Fuks et al.,
1994; Hartgraves and Primosch 1994; Kaufman et al., 1994;
Kupietzky et al., 1996; Lloyd et al., 2000]
adults: [Burstein, et al. 1996; Fukuta et al., 1993; Fukuta et al.,
1994; Fukuta et al., 1997; Kaufman, et al. 1994; Roelofse et al.
2000]
Katja Suter-Zimmermann Page 30 of 188 University of Basel, 2008