Silver Creek - Division of Water Quality - Utah.gov

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7.0 TECHNICAL ANALYSIS Silver Creek Watershed TMDL Final Report Establishing a relationship between the in-stream water quality targets and source loading is a critical component of the TMDL development. Identifying the cause and effect relationship between pollutant loads and the water quality response is necessary to evaluate the loading capacity of the receiving water bodies. The loading capacity is the amount of pollutant that can be assimilated by the water body while still attaining and maintaining water quality standards. This section discusses the existing and estimated loadings for zinc and cadmium in the Silver Creek watershed. 7.1 Estimation of Existing Load Estimation of existing loads for zinc and cadmium were calculated using monitoring stations as described in Section 3.3 (Tables 6 & 7). STOrage and RETrieval (STORET) data was collected by the Utah Division of Water Quality over a thirteen-year period between 1990 and 2002, and covers the reach of Silver Creek from the Weber River at Wanship upstream to a station located near Bonanza Drive in Park City. Not all of the sampling stations were sampled consistently throughout this period. USGS conducted two separate studies on Silver Creek, one in 2000 and another in 2002. The USGS sampling locations cover the same reach of the stream as do the STORET stations. In the Year 2000, USEPA sampled during the Spring, Summer, and Autumn periods in the reach of the stream from the vicinity of Richardson Flats upstream to the headwaters of Silver Creek. 7.2 Comparison of Existing Load and Loading Capacity A water hardness of 400 mg/l was used for establishing the water quality standards for zinc and cadmium. Target annual loads were calculated using hardness adjusted water quality standards. For zinc, the resulting water quality endpoint is 0.39 mg/l. For cadmium, the resulting water quality endpoint is 0.0008 mg/l. Data are presented in Section 4.0 in the form of average concentrations and flows for bi-monthly periods at each “key” sampling location. Table 7 presents a summary of average flows, concentrations and loads at key stations for each of these bi-monthly periods. This presentation allows for a seasonal analysis of the data for this TMDL. It is apparent that the period from November through February generally is the most critical from a metals concentration perspective with concentrations at their peak during this four month period. This pattern is evident in virtually all of the key stations analyzed. Accordingly, this four month period will be considered the most critical in achieving and maintaining water quality standards for Silver Creek. In order to achieve the reductions desired, a list of Best Management Practices (BMPs) was developed for the cleanup and/or isolation of mining contaminated materials from stream flows. BMPs are discussed in Section 9.0. Removal efficiencies and costs for BMPs are discussed in Section 10.0. Utilizing the removal efficiencies for each BMP, reductions in zinc and cadmium loading values are calculated along with anticipated stream concentrations after BMP implementation. Completion of scheduled BMPs is expected to achieve and maintain the TMDL Page 41
Silver Creek Watershed TMDL Final Report endpoints for Silver Creek. Ongoing monitoring as BMPs are implemented will allow verification of progress made toward meeting the endpoints identified for this TMDL. Page 42
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