SETP No. 14 The Economic Value of Incremental Employment in the ...

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Table 4-2 Percentage distribution of household expenditure Male and Female headed households Annual household income between: R1 & R5000 R5,000 & R10,000 R10,000 & R15,000 R15,000 & R20,000 Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female 1,100 Agriculture 8.5% 9.1% 8.7% 9.7% 8.6% 9.1% 8.0% 8.9% 2,100 Coal mining 4.7% 4.6% 2.8% 2.9% 2.3% 3.0% 2.2% 2.3% 3,111 Slaughtering, preparing & preserving of meat 10.0% 8.9% 12.4% 12.1% 12.9% 12.7% 12.7% 12.8% 3,112 Dairy products 3.4% 3.5% 4.2% 4.3% 4.2% 4.2% 3.9% 4.0% 3,114 Canning, preserving & processing of fish, fish oil & fish meal 0.9% 1.2% 1.5% 1.5% 1.6% 1.6% 1.4% 1.7% 3,115 Vegetable & animal oils and fats 1.9% 2.3% 2.2% 2.5% 2.2% 2.4% 2.0% 2.2% 3,116 Grain mill products 21.5% 25.5% 17.0% 19.3% 16.1% 16.8% 13.3% 13.6% 3,118 Sugar factories & refineries 12.0% 12.6% 9.0% 9.7% 7.7% 7.7% 6.0% 6.2% 3,119 Cocoa , chocolate & sugar confectionary 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 3,121 Other food products 5.3% 5.4% 5.1% 5.1% 4.7% 4.6% 4.3% 4.5% 3,122 Prepared animal feeds 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 3,131 Distilleries and wineries 0.6% 0.2% 0.8% 0.2% 0.9% 0.2% 0.7% 0.2% 3,133 Malt liquors and malt 1.8% 0.3% 1.5% 0.5% 1.8% 0.6% 1.6% 0.8% 3,134 Soft drinks & carbonated waters 0.8% 0.5% 1.2% 1.0% 1.3% 1.1% 1.2% 1.2% 3,140 Tobacco products 5.6% 2.7% 3.9% 1.3% 3.4% 1.6% 3.2% 1.8% 3,211 Spinning, weaving & finishing of textiles 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 3,212 Made-up textile goods, except clothing 0.7% 0.4% 1.1% 1.0% 1.2% 1.2% 1.2% 1.3% 3,213 Garment & hosiery knitting mills 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3,214 Carpets and rugs 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 3,216 Other knitting mills 0.5% 0.3% 0.9% 0.9% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 3,219 Textiles, not elsewhere classified 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3,220 Clothing, except footwear 4.9% 5.0% 9.2% 9.1% 9.9% 10.2% 10.9% 11.2% 3,233 Leather products & leather substitutes 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% 3,240 Footwear 2.6% 1.7% 2.7% 2.7% 3.0% 2.8% 3.2% 3.1% 3,310 Wood and wood products, except furniture 3.1% 3.0% 1.3% 1.2% 1.0% 0.9% 0.6% 0.6% 3,320 Furniture 0.1% 0.1% 0.6% 0.3% 0.7% 0.4% 1.0% 1.1% 3,411 Pulp, paper and paper board 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% 3,420 Printing and publishing 0.2% 0.1% 0.3% 0.3% 0.5% 0.5% 0.6% 0.6% 3,511 Industrial chemicals 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3,522 Medicinal and pharmaceutical preparations 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.3% 0.3% 3,523 Soap & cleaning preparations, perfumes, cosmetics etc. 0.5% 0.7% 0.6% 0.6% 0.6% 0.6% 0.5% 0.6% 3,529 Other chemical products 1.7% 1.5% 0.6% 0.6% 0.5% 0.5% 0.3% 0.3% 3,530 Petroleum refineries & products of petroleum and coal 3.6% 4.6% 1.9% 2.0% 1.7% 1.7% 1.9% 1.4% 3,551 Tyres and tubes 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 3,560 Other plastic products 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 3,811 Cutlery, hand tools and general hardware 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3,812 Furniture and fixtures primarily of metal 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3,824 Special industrial machinery and equipment 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 3,825 Office, calculating and accounting machinery 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3,831 Electrical industrial machinery and apparatus 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3,832 Radio, television and communication equipment 0.1% 0.1% 0.5% 0.2% 0.5% 0.6% 0.8% 0.6% 3,833 Electrical appliances and housewares 0.3% 0.3% 0.7% 0.7% 1.1% 1.3% 1.5% 1.8% 3,839 Other electrical apparatus ans supplies 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 3,840 Motor vehicles 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.2% 3,859 Other transport equipment 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3,901 Jewellery and related articles 0.1% 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.3% 0.2% 3,902 Other manufacturing industries 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 4,100 Electricity, gas and steam 0.5% 0.7% 0.6% 0.7% 0.7% 0.7% 0.7% 0.7% 4,200 Water supply 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 5,100 Building construction 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.6% 0.3% 0.4% 6,200 Wholesale and retail trade and motor trade 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 6,300 Catering and accommodation services 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 7,100 Transport and storage 0.5% 0.5% 0.6% 0.7% 0.9% 0.9% 1.0% 0.9% 7,200 Communication 0.1% 0.3% 0.5% 0.5% 0.6% 0.7% 0.7% 0.8% 8,100 Financial institutions and insurance services 0.3% 0.3% 2.0% 1.4% 2.3% 2.4% 4.1% 3.3% 8,310 Real estate 1.0% 0.6% 0.7% 0.5% 0.6% 0.4% 0.5% 0.4% 9,330 Medicinal , dental and other health and veterinary services 0.4% 0.5% 1.3% 1.6% 1.8% 1.5% 3.2% 2.6% 9,700 Other services, profit seeking 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 9,800 Other services, non-profit seeking 1.0% 1.4% 1.9% 3.0% 2.1% 3.3% 2.5% 4.1% 27
Figure 4-1 Percentage of expenditure on 10 largest SIC products, by income group, Female headed households Wood and wood products, except furniture Dairy products Coal mining Petroleum refineries & products of petroleum and coal Clothing, except footwear Other food products Slaughtering, preparing & preserving of meat R15,000 & R20,000 R10,000 & R15,000 R5,000 & R10,000 R1 & R5000 Agriculture Sugar factories & refineries Grain mill products 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% Percent of total expenditure Figure 4-2 Proportion of expenditure on 10 largest SIC products, by income group, Male headed households Dairy products Petroleum refineries & products of petroleum and coal Coal mining Clothing, except footwear Other food products Tobacco products R15,000 & R20,000 R10,000 & R15,000 R5,000 & R10,000 R1 & R5000 Agriculture Slaughtering, preparing & preserving of meat Sugar factories & refineries Grain mill products 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% Percent of total expenditure 4.8 Figures 4.1 and 4.2 are intuitively appealing. In both male and female headed households grain mill products are important for the very poor and fall off rapidly as a proportion of household expenditure as incomes increase. The same holds true for sugar products, petroleum, wood, coal and mining products although the initial importance is not that great. In contrast, as incomes increase so too does the proportion of expenditure on clothing, footwear and meat. 28
Page 1 and 2: SETP No. 14 The Economic Value of I
Page 3 and 4: Copyright © International Labour O
Page 6 and 7: Table of Contents PREFACE .........
Page 8: List of Abbreviations CBPWP GDP ILO
Page 12 and 13: Structure of the Report This report
Page 14: 8. It is shown in the forth area of
Page 17 and 18: 1.8 In order to achieve this object
Page 19 and 20: 3 A Labour Focussed Profile of the
Page 21 and 22: Figure 3-2 Employment in the Constr
Page 23 and 24: construction. Real wages are higher
Page 25 and 26: Table 3-3 Construction industry Ave
Page 27 and 28: Figure 3-7 1997 October Household S
Page 29 and 30: 3.23 There are four possible reason
Page 31 and 32: Figure 3-8 Number of persons by inc
Page 33 and 34: 3.35 Estimates of average provincia
Page 35 and 36: 3.41 Table 3.11 reports on the prov
Page 37 and 38: 3.45 An attempt was made to verify
Page 39 and 40: Summary 3.50 The construction indus
Page 41: A profile of income and expenditure
Page 45 and 46: Table 4-3 Expenditure increases for
Page 47 and 48: Table 4-5 Expenditure increases for
Page 49 and 50: 4.18 Here we find that grain mill p
Page 51 and 52: • Labour and capital are in unlim
Page 53 and 54: Figure 5-1 Schematics of the Mechan
Page 55 and 56: slightly higher additional income a
Page 57 and 58: Table 5-9 Indirect job creation Num
Page 59 and 60: 6 The Macro Economic Impact of the
Page 61 and 62: Standard Industrial Classification
Page 63 and 64: Table 6-6 Macro economic impact of
Page 65 and 66: Figure 7-2 Cost of Gravel Road Cons
Page 67 and 68: • When adverse soil or other cond
Page 69 and 70: Table 7-5 Capital cost amortisation
Page 71 and 72: Table 7-8 Local and Import costs of
Page 73 and 74: • In the first five years of oper
Page 75 and 76: 7.41 Table 7.4 is sourced from Tabl
Page 77 and 78: 8.10 Second, the analysis did not t
Page 79 and 80: References Bulmer-Thomas, V. (1982)
Page 81 and 82: practical feasibility alone, labour
Page 83 and 84: domestic industry to set against th

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