XL Fortran Enterprise Edition for AIX : User's Guide - IBM

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The following performance-related directives and compiler options/suboptions have been added: v v v v v v v v v -qarch and -qtune compiler suboptions that provide support for POWER5 and PowerPC 970 architectures (ppc64gr, ppc64grsq, pwr5, and ppc970). The -qshowpdf option, used together with -qpdf1, provides additional call and block count profiling information to an executable. Optimization utilities showpdf and mergepdf provide enhanced information about PDF-directed compilation The -qdirectstorage option informs the compiler that a given compilation unit may reference write-through-enabled or cache-inhibited storage. Directives NOVECTOR, NOSIMD, and the ALIGNX built-in subroutine provide fine-grain control of the auto-vectorization and auto-SIMD vectorization features in the compiler. The LOOPID directive marks a loop with a scope-unique identifier. The identifier can be used by the BLOCK_LOOP and other directives to control loop-specific transformations. Information on the loop transformations can be shown in using the -qreport compiler of option . The EIEIO directive helps in with cache and memory management. The PROTECTED STREAM directives allow for management of protected streams so they are not replaced by any hardware-detected streams. The SWDIV and SWDIV_NOCHK intrinsics provide software floating-point division algorithms. Other features: v The FRE and FRSQRTES PowerPC floating-point intrinsic functions. v The POPCNT, and POPCNTB intrinsics provide set bit counts in registers for data objects, and the POPPAR intrinsic determines the parity for a data object. v 32-bit and 64-bit modules are now included in one file. v Allowing multiple include paths v Availability of the MASS vector libraries for use with vectorized applications. v A man page is provided for the compiler invocation commands and for each command-line utility. The man page for compiler invocations replaces the help file, which was provided in previous versions. xii XL Fortran Enterprise Edition for AIX : User’s Guide
Introduction How to Use This Document This document describes Version 9.1 of IBM ® XL Fortran Enterprise Edition and explains how to compile, link, and run programs that are written in the Fortran language. This document is for anyone who wants to work with the XL Fortran compiler, who is familiar with the AIX operating system, and who has some previous Fortran programming experience. This document can help you understand what the features of the compiler are, especially the options, and how to use them for effective software development. This document is not the place to find help on: Installation, which is covered in the documents that are listed in “XL Fortran and Operating System Publications” on page 4. Writing Fortran programs, which is covered in the XL Fortran Enterprise Edition for AIX Language Reference. The first part of this document is organized according to the steps necessary to compile, link, and run a program, followed by information on particular features of the XL Fortran compiler and the programs it produces. The second part discusses more general software-development topics. Depending on your level of experience and what you want to do, you may need to start reading at a particular point or read in a particular sequence. If you want to: Set up the compiler for yourself or someone else, read “Where to Find Installation Instructions” on page 11. Upgrade from an earlier version of the XL Fortran compiler, read “Avoiding or Fixing Upgrade Problems” on page 25. Create customized compiler defaults, read “Customizing the Configuration File” on page 15. Understand what all the compiler options are for and how they relate to each other, browse through “Summary of the XL Fortran Compiler Options” on page 67. Look up a particular option by name, scan alphabetically through “Detailed Descriptions of the XL Fortran Compiler Options” on page 90. Port a program to XL Fortran, read “Options for Compatibility” on page 79 to see what options you may need; then read “Porting Programs to XL Fortran” on page 397 for other porting information. © Copyright IBM Corp. 1990, 2004 1
Page 1: XL Fortran Enterprise Edition for A
Page 4 and 5: Note! Before using this information
Page 6 and 7: Options That Control Listings and M
Page 8 and 9: How XLF I/O Interacts with Pipes, S
Page 10 and 11: viii XL Fortran Enterprise Edition
Page 12 and 13: x XL Fortran Enterprise Edition for
Page 16 and 17: How to Read the Syntax Diagrams and
Page 18 and 19: v Optionally, enter the value of at
Page 20 and 21: 6 XL Fortran Enterprise Edition for
Page 22 and 23: Migration Support The XL Fortran co
Page 24 and 25: These items are located, or accesse
Page 26 and 27: v /usr/share/man/info/en_US/xlf/pos
Page 28 and 29: Notes: 1. Specifying the LC_ALL env
Page 30 and 31: 3. Installing a compiler program te
Page 32 and 33: fsuffix cppsuffix osuffix ssuffix l
Page 34 and 35: mcrt = /lib/mcrt0_r.o gcrt = /lib/g
Page 36 and 37: options include -L/usr/lpp/xlf/lib,
Page 38 and 39: Related Information: You can use th
Page 40 and 41: Table 1. Potential Problems Migrati
Page 42 and 43: Table 1. Potential Problems Migrati
Page 44 and 45: ►► xlf90 xlf90_r xlf90_r7 xlf95
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Page 50 and 51: Related Information: See “-qpdf O
Page 52 and 53: The @PROCESS compiler directive mus
Page 54 and 55: Passing Fortran Files through the C
Page 56 and 57: the trigraph sequence. XL Fortran u
Page 58 and 59: The configuration file /etc/xlf.cfg
Page 60 and 61: esulting program work as you expect
Page 62 and 63: v v Do not use names that are the s
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v v Build the application by using
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If you have applications in which F
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total_usertime Returns the total us
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To obtain support for items that ar
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Note: You may need the old setting
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These partitions are then assigned
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During the busy-wait search for wor
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(for example, loops for which you s
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Other Environment Variables That Af
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Options That Control Input to the C
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Table 3. Options That Control Input
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Table 5. Options for Performance Op
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Table 5. Options for Performance Op
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Table 6. Options for Debugging and
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Table 7. Options That Control Listi
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Table 8. Options for Compatibility
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v v Determine names and options for
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Detailed Descriptions of the XL For
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-1 Option Syntax -1 ONETRIP | NOONE
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-b64 Option Syntax -b64 The AIX ope
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Examples xlf95 f.f -brtl -bshared -
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-bloadmap Option Syntax -bloadmap:n
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-brtl Option Syntax -brtl | -bnortl
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-bstatic Option Related Information
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-c Option Syntax -c Prevents the co
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-d Option Syntax -d Causes preproce
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-g Option Syntax -g DBG | NODBG Gen
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-k Option Syntax -k FREE(F90) Speci
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-l Option Syntax -lkey Searches the
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-O Option Syntax -O[level] OPTimize
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-o Option Syntax -o name Specifies
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-p Option Syntax -p[g] Sets up the
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-q32 Option Related Information See
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-qalias Option Syntax -qalias={[no]
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equivalence (a, b(3)) t = b; a = t
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a derived type are stored with suff
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pwr2s p2sc You can run the executab
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v v If your primary concern is exec
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-qassert Option Syntax -qassert={de
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-qautodbl Option Syntax -qautodbl=s
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Related Information For background
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2 Level-2 cache or the table lookas
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-qcheck Option Syntax -qcheck | -qn
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-qcompact Option Syntax -qcompact |
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-qctyplss Option Syntax -qctyplss[(
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-qdbg Option Syntax -qdbg | -qnodbg
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-qdirective Option Syntax -qdirecti
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-qdirectstorage Option Syntax -qdir
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-qdpc Option Syntax -qdpc[=e] | -qn
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-qescape Option Syntax -qescape | -
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-qextchk Option Syntax -qextchk | -
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-qextname Option Syntax -qextname[=
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-qfdpr Option Syntax -qfdpr | -qnof
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-qflag Option Syntax -qflag=listing
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the reciprocal of the divisor. It a
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export SQRT_EXCEPTION=3.1 166 XL Fo
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-qfree Option Syntax -qfree[={f90|i
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-qhalt Option Syntax -qhalt=severit
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If you specify -qhot=novector, the
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-qhssngl Option Syntax -qhssngl | -
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-qinit Option Syntax -qinit=f90ptr
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v You can specify alphabetic digits
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-qintsize Option Syntax -qintsize=b
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-qipa Option Syntax -qipa[=suboptio
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If you specify short, the Object Fi
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Table 15. Regular expression syntax
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-qkeepparm Option Syntax -qkeepparm
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Restrictions The -qflag option can
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-qlibansi Option Related Informatio
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-qlibposix Option Related Informati
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-qlistopt Option Syntax -qlistopt |
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-qlog4 Option Syntax -qlog4 | -qnol
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Restrictions Depending on the sourc
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-qmixed Option Syntax -qmixed | -qn
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-qmodule Option Syntax -qmodule=man
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-qnullterm Option Syntax -qnullterm
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-qonetrip Option Syntax -qonetrip |
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-qpdf Option Syntax -qpdf{1|2} Tune
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mergepdf Generates a single pdf rec
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-qphsinfo Option Syntax -qphsinfo |
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-qpic Option Syntax -qpic[=suboptio
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sce | nosce } else if (a == 3) *res
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-qprefetch Option Syntax -qprefetch
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-qrealsize Option Syntax -qrealsize
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-qrecur Option Syntax -qrecur | -qn
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To produce a listing file that you
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-qsave Option Syntax -qsave[={all|d
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-qsclk Option Syntax -qsclk[=centi
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-qsigtrap Option Syntax -qsigtrap[=
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-qsmp Option Syntax -qsmp[=suboptio
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threshold=n The work in a partition
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xlf90 -qsmp=noopt -O3... is equival
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-qspillsize Option Syntax -qspillsi
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-qstrictieeemod Option Syntax -qstr
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-qsuffix Option Syntax -qsuffix=opt
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Examples @process nullterm i = 1; j
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Related Information See the OpenMP
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-qthreaded Option Syntax -qthreaded
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If you do not specify -qtune, its s
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-qundef Option Syntax -qundef | -qn
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-qunwind Option Syntax -qunwind |-q
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-qwarn64 Option See “-qwarn64 Opt
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-qxflag=xalias Option Syntax -qxfla
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intxor | nointxor Treats .XOR. as a
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Examples Consider the following pro
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In this example, conditional compil
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-qzerosize Option Syntax -qzerosize
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-t Option Syntax -tcomponents Appli
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-u Option Syntax -u UNDEF | NOUNDEF
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-V Option Syntax -V This option is
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$ ./a.out 1 2 3 4 276 XL Fortran En
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-y Option Syntax -y{n | m | p | z}
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64-Bit Thread Support On AIX Versio
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-q64 Option Syntax -q64[=largetype]
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-qwarn64 Option Syntax -qwarn64 | -
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286 XL Fortran Enterprise Edition f
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v v If the data or program code con
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v Comparisons involving NaN values
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How XL Fortran Rounds Floating-Poin
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2. For thread-safety and reentrancy
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v The fltint suboption speeds up fl
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There are other related operating s
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Another method is to use the ieee_s
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call fpgets(fpstat) fpstat(fpox) =
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The following example shows the dif
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v Code that might cause an exceptio
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Optimization levels Option -qnoopt/
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v -qcache=auto Optimization level -
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v v v Reducing the costs of memory
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Loop unrolling also increases code
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2. Run the application using a typi
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# Let the compiler decide (relative
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can also use the SNAPSHOT directive
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-qipa=list cross-file type checking
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Stream-access formatted files: A re
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I/O Redirection The important thing
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Default Record Lengths File Permiss
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XLFRTEOPTS="unit_vars=yes" # Allow
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Logical Volume I/O To use a logical
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READ(unit_number,ID=idvar) a .... W
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450 end do close(20) end Performanc
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Table 22. Table for Binding an Appl
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v The result of an application does
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Sometimes an application can guaran
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v v The XL compilers generate code
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#include template class junk { pri
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Notes: 1. In interlanguage communic
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Table 25. Escape Sequences for Char
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You can use this built-in function
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The system linkage convention passe
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Run-time Stack for 32-bit Environme
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processing, and the fifth doublewor
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v v v v v v v In a 32-bit Environme
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Will Be Passed In: R3 0 Storage Map
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Function Values Functions return th
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Example The control structure has t
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technique can reduce the amount of
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Note: When you run an XL Fortran pr
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Duplicating Extensions from Other S
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Input/Output Errors If the error de
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-> xlf95 -qddim -g testprog.f -o te
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7. The next step is to research why
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Note that you cannot use the -qextn
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v v Memory leak reporting that indi
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HD_FILL HD_STACK=n called a certain
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Source Section The source section c
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Attribute and Cross-Reference Secti
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Automating Large, Complex Compilati
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For fixed source form code, in addi
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Common Industry Extensions That XL
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Example 2 - Valid C Routine Source
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close(10) open(10, file="fun10.out"
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!**********************************
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operating system require the same o
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Examples of Storage Relationships f
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0 4 8 16 32 64 COMPLEX (16) COMPLEX
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! Data values between r8 and x16 ar
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end function sqrt real*8 function r
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Table 34. MASS Vector Library Funct
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IBM may use or distribute any of th
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ind. To relate an identifier to ano
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expression. A sequence of operands,
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name. A lexical token consisting of
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labels can be used to transfer cont
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.profile file 12 .s files 33, 34 .X
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fdate_ service and utility subprogr
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nonested_par suboption of -qsmp 234
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vi text editor 29 W W error severit
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