XL Fortran Enterprise Edition for AIX : User's Guide - IBM

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How XLF I/O Interacts with Pipes, Special Files, and Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 Default Record Lengths . . . . . . . . . . 330 File Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 Selecting Error Messages and Recovery Actions 330 Flushing I/O Buffers . . . . . . . . . . . 331 Choosing Locations and Names for Input/Output Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 Naming Files That Are Connected with No Explicit Name . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 Naming Scratch Files . . . . . . . . . . 332 Increasing Throughput with Logical Volume I/O and Data Striping . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 Logical Volume I/O . . . . . . . . . . 334 Data Striping . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 Asynchronous I/O . . . . . . . . . . . 335 Execution of an Asychronous Data Transfer Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 Performance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 Compiler-Generated Temporary I/O Items . . 338 System Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 Linking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 Error Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 XL Fortran Thread-Safe I/O Library . . . . . 340 Use of I/O Statements in Signal Handlers . . . 343 Asynchronous Thread Cancellation . . . . . 344 Interlanguage Calls . . . . . . . . . 345 Conventions for XL Fortran External Names . . . 345 Mixed-Language Input and Output . . . . . . 346 Mixing Fortran and C++ . . . . . . . . . 347 Making Calls to C Functions Work . . . . . . 348 Passing Data From One Language to Another . . 349 Passing Arguments between Languages . . . 349 Passing Global Variables between Languages 350 Passing Character Types between Languages 351 Passing Arrays between Languages . . . . . 352 Passing Pointers between Languages . . . . 353 Passing Arguments By Reference or By Value 353 Returning Values from Fortran Functions . . . 355 Arguments with the OPTIONAL Attribute . . 355 Arguments with the INTENT Attribute. . . . 355 Type Encoding and Checking . . . . . . . 355 Assembler-Level Subroutine Linkage Conventions 355 The Stack. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 The Link Area . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 The Input Parameter Area . . . . . . . . 360 The Register Save Area . . . . . . . . . 360 The Local Stack Area . . . . . . . . . . 360 The Output Parameter Area . . . . . . . 360 Linkage Convention for Argument Passing . . . 361 Argument Passing Rules (by Value) . . . . . 363 Order of Arguments in Argument List . . . . 365 Linkage Convention for Function Calls . . . . . 365 Pointers to Functions . . . . . . . . . . 365 Function Values . . . . . . . . . . . 366 The Stack Floor. . . . . . . . . . . . 366 Stack Overflow . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 Prolog and Epilog . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 Traceback. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367 THREADLOCAL Common Blocks and ILC with C 367 Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368 Problem Determination and Debugging . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 Understanding XL Fortran Error Messages . . . 369 Error Severity . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 Compiler Return Code . . . . . . . . . 370 Run-Time Return Code . . . . . . . . . 370 Understanding XL Fortran Messages . . . . 370 Limiting the Number of Compile-Time Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 Selecting the Language for Messages . . . . 371 Fixing Installation or System Environment Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 Fixing Compile-Time Problems . . . . . . . 373 Duplicating Extensions from Other Systems . . 374 Isolating Problems with Individual Compilation Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374 Compiling with Thread-safe Commands . . . 374 Running out of Machine Resources . . . . . 374 Fixing Link-Time Problems . . . . . . . . . 374 Fixing Run-Time Problems . . . . . . . . . 375 Duplicating Extensions from Other Systems . . 375 Mismatched Sizes or Types for Arguments . . 375 Working around Problems when Optimizing 375 Input/Output Errors . . . . . . . . . . 376 Tracebacks and Core Dumps . . . . . . . 376 Debugging a Fortran 90 or Fortran 95 Program . . 376 A Sample dbx Session for an XL Fortran Program 377 Problem with Dynamic Memory Allocation . . 377 Using Debug Memory Routines for XL Fortran . . 381 The libhm.a Library . . . . . . . . . . 381 The libhmd.a Library . . . . . . . . . . 383 Environment Variables . . . . . . . . . 385 Understanding XL Fortran Compiler Listings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 Header Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 Options Section. . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 Source Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 Transformation Report Section. . . . . . . . 391 Attribute and Cross-Reference Section . . . . . 392 Object Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 File Table Section . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 Compilation Unit Epilogue Section . . . . . . 393 Compilation Epilogue Section . . . . . . . . 393 Fortran-Related AIX Commands . . . 395 Working with Object-Code Archives (ar) . . . . 395 Printing Output Files with Fortran ASA Carriage Controls (asa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 Splitting Subprograms into Individual Files (fsplit) 395 Automating Large, Complex Compilations (make) 396 Run-Time Profiling (prof, gprof) . . . . . . . 396 Translating Programs into RATFOR (struct) . . . 396 Displaying Information inside Binary Files (what) 396 Porting Programs to XL Fortran . . . 397 vi XL Fortran Enterprise Edition for AIX : User’s Guide
Outline of the Porting Process . . . . . . . . 397 Maintaining FORTRAN 77 Source and Object Code 397 Portability of Directives . . . . . . . . . . 397 NEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 Common Industry Extensions That XL Fortran Supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 Mixing Data Types in Statements . . . . . . 400 Date and Time Routines . . . . . . . . . 400 Other libc Routines . . . . . . . . . . 400 Changing the Default Sizes of Data Types . . . 401 Name Conflicts between Your Procedures and XL Fortran Intrinsic Procedures . . . . . . 401 Reproducing Results from Other Systems . . . 401 Finding Nonstandard Extensions . . . . . . 401 Answers to Frequently Asked Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 Finding the Date and Time . . . . . . . . . 403 Efficient Static Linking . . . . . . . . . . 403 Appendix A. Sample Fortran Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 Example 1 - XL Fortran Source File . . . . . . 405 Execution Results . . . . . . . . . . . 405 Example 2 - Valid C Routine Source File . . . . 406 Example 3 - Valid Fortran SMP Source File . . . 408 Example 4 - Invalid Fortran SMP Source File . . . 408 Programming Examples Using the Pthreads Library Module . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 Appendix B. XL Fortran Technical Information . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 The Compiler Phases . . . . . . . . . . .411 External Names in theXL FortranShared Libraries 411 The XL Fortran Run-Time Environment. . . . .411 External Names in the Run-Time Environment 412 Technical Details of the -qfloat=hsflt Option . . . 412 Implementation Details for -qautodbl Promotion and Padding . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 Examples of Storage Relationships for -qautodbl Suboptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 Appendix C. Using the Mathematical Acceleration Subsystem (MASS) . . . 419 Using the Scalar Library. . . . . . . . . . 419 Using the Vector Libraries . . . . . . . . . 420 Consistency of MASS Vector Functions . . . . 422 Compiling and Linking a Program with MASS . . 423 Using libmass.a with the Standard Intrinsic Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 Appendix D. XL Fortran Internal Limits 425 Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 Programming Interface Information . . . . . . 429 Trademarks and Service Marks . . . . . . . 429 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441 Contents vii
Page 1: XL Fortran Enterprise Edition for A
Page 4 and 5: Note! Before using this information
Page 6 and 7: Options That Control Listings and M
Page 10 and 11: viii XL Fortran Enterprise Edition
Page 12 and 13: x XL Fortran Enterprise Edition for
Page 14 and 15: The following performance-related d
Page 16 and 17: How to Read the Syntax Diagrams and
Page 18 and 19: v Optionally, enter the value of at
Page 20 and 21: 6 XL Fortran Enterprise Edition for
Page 22 and 23: Migration Support The XL Fortran co
Page 24 and 25: These items are located, or accesse
Page 26 and 27: v /usr/share/man/info/en_US/xlf/pos
Page 28 and 29: Notes: 1. Specifying the LC_ALL env
Page 30 and 31: 3. Installing a compiler program te
Page 32 and 33: fsuffix cppsuffix osuffix ssuffix l
Page 34 and 35: mcrt = /lib/mcrt0_r.o gcrt = /lib/g
Page 36 and 37: options include -L/usr/lpp/xlf/lib,
Page 38 and 39: Related Information: You can use th
Page 40 and 41: Table 1. Potential Problems Migrati
Page 42 and 43: Table 1. Potential Problems Migrati
Page 44 and 45: ►► xlf90 xlf90_r xlf90_r7 xlf95
Page 46 and 47: xlf90, xlf90_r, and xlf90_r7 comman
Page 48 and 49: Related Information: The ssuffix at
Page 50 and 51: Related Information: See “-qpdf O
Page 52 and 53: The @PROCESS compiler directive mus
Page 54 and 55: Passing Fortran Files through the C
Page 56 and 57: the trigraph sequence. XL Fortran u
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The configuration file /etc/xlf.cfg
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esulting program work as you expect
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v v Do not use names that are the s
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v v Build the application by using
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If you have applications in which F
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total_usertime Returns the total us
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To obtain support for items that ar
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Note: You may need the old setting
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These partitions are then assigned
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During the busy-wait search for wor
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(for example, loops for which you s
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Other Environment Variables That Af
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Options That Control Input to the C
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Table 3. Options That Control Input
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Table 5. Options for Performance Op
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Table 5. Options for Performance Op
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Table 6. Options for Debugging and
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Table 7. Options That Control Listi
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Table 8. Options for Compatibility
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v v Determine names and options for
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Detailed Descriptions of the XL For
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-1 Option Syntax -1 ONETRIP | NOONE
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-b64 Option Syntax -b64 The AIX ope
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Examples xlf95 f.f -brtl -bshared -
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-bloadmap Option Syntax -bloadmap:n
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-brtl Option Syntax -brtl | -bnortl
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-bstatic Option Related Information
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-c Option Syntax -c Prevents the co
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-d Option Syntax -d Causes preproce
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-g Option Syntax -g DBG | NODBG Gen
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-k Option Syntax -k FREE(F90) Speci
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-l Option Syntax -lkey Searches the
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-O Option Syntax -O[level] OPTimize
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-o Option Syntax -o name Specifies
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-p Option Syntax -p[g] Sets up the
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-q32 Option Related Information See
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-qalias Option Syntax -qalias={[no]
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equivalence (a, b(3)) t = b; a = t
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a derived type are stored with suff
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pwr2s p2sc You can run the executab
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v v If your primary concern is exec
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-qassert Option Syntax -qassert={de
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-qautodbl Option Syntax -qautodbl=s
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Related Information For background
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2 Level-2 cache or the table lookas
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-qcheck Option Syntax -qcheck | -qn
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-qcompact Option Syntax -qcompact |
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-qctyplss Option Syntax -qctyplss[(
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-qdbg Option Syntax -qdbg | -qnodbg
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-qdirective Option Syntax -qdirecti
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-qdirectstorage Option Syntax -qdir
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-qdpc Option Syntax -qdpc[=e] | -qn
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-qescape Option Syntax -qescape | -
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-qextchk Option Syntax -qextchk | -
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-qextname Option Syntax -qextname[=
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-qfdpr Option Syntax -qfdpr | -qnof
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-qflag Option Syntax -qflag=listing
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the reciprocal of the divisor. It a
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export SQRT_EXCEPTION=3.1 166 XL Fo
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-qfree Option Syntax -qfree[={f90|i
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-qhalt Option Syntax -qhalt=severit
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If you specify -qhot=novector, the
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-qhssngl Option Syntax -qhssngl | -
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-qinit Option Syntax -qinit=f90ptr
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v You can specify alphabetic digits
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-qintsize Option Syntax -qintsize=b
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-qipa Option Syntax -qipa[=suboptio
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If you specify short, the Object Fi
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Table 15. Regular expression syntax
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-qkeepparm Option Syntax -qkeepparm
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Restrictions The -qflag option can
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-qlibansi Option Related Informatio
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-qlibposix Option Related Informati
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-qlistopt Option Syntax -qlistopt |
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-qlog4 Option Syntax -qlog4 | -qnol
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Restrictions Depending on the sourc
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-qmixed Option Syntax -qmixed | -qn
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-qmodule Option Syntax -qmodule=man
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-qnullterm Option Syntax -qnullterm
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-qonetrip Option Syntax -qonetrip |
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-qpdf Option Syntax -qpdf{1|2} Tune
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mergepdf Generates a single pdf rec
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-qphsinfo Option Syntax -qphsinfo |
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-qpic Option Syntax -qpic[=suboptio
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sce | nosce } else if (a == 3) *res
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-qprefetch Option Syntax -qprefetch
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-qrealsize Option Syntax -qrealsize
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-qrecur Option Syntax -qrecur | -qn
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To produce a listing file that you
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-qsave Option Syntax -qsave[={all|d
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-qsclk Option Syntax -qsclk[=centi
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-qsigtrap Option Syntax -qsigtrap[=
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-qsmp Option Syntax -qsmp[=suboptio
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threshold=n The work in a partition
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xlf90 -qsmp=noopt -O3... is equival
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-qspillsize Option Syntax -qspillsi
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-qstrictieeemod Option Syntax -qstr
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-qsuffix Option Syntax -qsuffix=opt
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Examples @process nullterm i = 1; j
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Related Information See the OpenMP
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-qthreaded Option Syntax -qthreaded
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If you do not specify -qtune, its s
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-qundef Option Syntax -qundef | -qn
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-qunwind Option Syntax -qunwind |-q
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-qwarn64 Option See “-qwarn64 Opt
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-qxflag=xalias Option Syntax -qxfla
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intxor | nointxor Treats .XOR. as a
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Examples Consider the following pro
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In this example, conditional compil
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-qzerosize Option Syntax -qzerosize
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-t Option Syntax -tcomponents Appli
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-u Option Syntax -u UNDEF | NOUNDEF
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-V Option Syntax -V This option is
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$ ./a.out 1 2 3 4 276 XL Fortran En
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-y Option Syntax -y{n | m | p | z}
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64-Bit Thread Support On AIX Versio
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-q64 Option Syntax -q64[=largetype]
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-qwarn64 Option Syntax -qwarn64 | -
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286 XL Fortran Enterprise Edition f
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v v If the data or program code con
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v Comparisons involving NaN values
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How XL Fortran Rounds Floating-Poin
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2. For thread-safety and reentrancy
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v The fltint suboption speeds up fl
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There are other related operating s
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Another method is to use the ieee_s
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call fpgets(fpstat) fpstat(fpox) =
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The following example shows the dif
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v Code that might cause an exceptio
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Optimization levels Option -qnoopt/
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v -qcache=auto Optimization level -
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v v v Reducing the costs of memory
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Loop unrolling also increases code
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2. Run the application using a typi
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# Let the compiler decide (relative
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can also use the SNAPSHOT directive
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-qipa=list cross-file type checking
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Stream-access formatted files: A re
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I/O Redirection The important thing
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Default Record Lengths File Permiss
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XLFRTEOPTS="unit_vars=yes" # Allow
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Logical Volume I/O To use a logical
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READ(unit_number,ID=idvar) a .... W
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450 end do close(20) end Performanc
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Table 22. Table for Binding an Appl
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v The result of an application does
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Sometimes an application can guaran
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v v The XL compilers generate code
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#include template class junk { pri
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Notes: 1. In interlanguage communic
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Table 25. Escape Sequences for Char
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You can use this built-in function
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The system linkage convention passe
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Run-time Stack for 32-bit Environme
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processing, and the fifth doublewor
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v v v v v v v In a 32-bit Environme
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Will Be Passed In: R3 0 Storage Map
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Function Values Functions return th
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Example The control structure has t
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technique can reduce the amount of
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Note: When you run an XL Fortran pr
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Duplicating Extensions from Other S
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Input/Output Errors If the error de
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-> xlf95 -qddim -g testprog.f -o te
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7. The next step is to research why
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Note that you cannot use the -qextn
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v v Memory leak reporting that indi
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HD_FILL HD_STACK=n called a certain
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Source Section The source section c
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Attribute and Cross-Reference Secti
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Automating Large, Complex Compilati
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For fixed source form code, in addi
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Common Industry Extensions That XL
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Example 2 - Valid C Routine Source
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close(10) open(10, file="fun10.out"
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!**********************************
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operating system require the same o
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Examples of Storage Relationships f
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0 4 8 16 32 64 COMPLEX (16) COMPLEX
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! Data values between r8 and x16 ar
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end function sqrt real*8 function r
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Table 34. MASS Vector Library Funct
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IBM may use or distribute any of th
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ind. To relate an identifier to ano
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expression. A sequence of operands,
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name. A lexical token consisting of
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labels can be used to transfer cont
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.profile file 12 .s files 33, 34 .X
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fdate_ service and utility subprogr
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nonested_par suboption of -qsmp 234
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vi text editor 29 W W error severit
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