United Nations Environment Programme - Stockholm Convention on ...

5.5 CREMATORIA IN THAILAND, BY UTE KARL (BANGKOK CONSULTATION)
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Crematoria in Thailand
Technical Review of the Crematories
à Basic Cremation Data for
Bangkok
à Technical Review of the
Crematories
à Analysis of Status Quo
in Bangkok
All cremators visited during site inspection are
designed as flat bed systems, mostly equipped
with a fixed hearth.
à Options for Rehabilitation
Measures
GTZ Study May 2003 – March 2004
Slide 2
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Basic Cremation Data for Bangkok
Analysis of Status Quo in Bangkok
309 temples in Bangkok; most of theseused for less than five
cremationsper month
The technical standard of the temples can be summarised as follows:
- mostly non-automatic coffin feeding into the cremation chamber,
- cremator type, mostly based on flatbed-fixed hearth systems,
- cremator design is mostly very simple, limited for 1 to 2 cremations/day,
- mostly primary and secondary combustion chambers,
- burner systems using oil or gas,
- no integrated process control system,
- no flue gas conditioning and cleaning devices, except of one crematorium
equipped with a cyclone.
In-effective use of existing crematoriain Bangkok
Technical measures reducing PCDD, PCDF and other harmful
substances are not implemented.
Source: GTZ 2004
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Basic Cremation Data for Bangkok
Options for Rehabilitation Measures
During site inspection in totally 20 cremation temples were visited
and their characteristic data were collected.
Collected plant information:
• Technical information, suchas cremator design (primary and
secondary chamber), burner equipment, combustion air device,
flue gastreatment
• Available operation andemissiondata, such as temperatures,
opacity and emission data available by BMA/PCD,
• Statusof operation, such as coffin feeding, cremation processing,
preheating,duration of cremation, religiousaspects, etc,
• Technical Maintenance, such as procedure andresponsibility,
• Basis for rehabilitationmeasures.
No rehabilitation / Close down:
- coal fired cremators,
- cremators, not equipped with a post combustion chamber,
- cremators, characterised by extremely unsatisfying combustion conditions
as given by cremation cycle of more than 180 min and energy
consumption rates of more than 1,100 kWh/cremation.
Rehabilitation measures shall achieve:
- reduction of environmental impact by minimising combustion-dependent
pollutants, such as CO and total hydrocarbons as well as partly NOx,
- reduction of fuel consumption,
- improvement of operational conditions,
- increase of cremation capacity, in order to compensate the lack of
cremations, resulting from the proposed close-down of the above
described crematoria with extremely unsatisfying technical standard.
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