Chapter 2: Graphs, Charts, and Tables--Describing Your Data

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88 CHAPTER 2 • GRAPHS, CHARTS, AND TABLES—DESCRIBING YOUR DATA TABLES C-2.2-A Apples: Per Capita Consumption in Pounds (fresh weight equivalent) Processed Year Total Fresh Total Canned Juice Frozen Dried Other 1970 31.4 17.0 14.4 5.6 6.4 0.8 0.9 0.7 1971 30.7 16.4 14.3 5.3 7.0 0.9 0.5 0.6 1972 28.0 15.5 12.5 4.7 5.4 1.1 0.6 0.6 1973 29.5 16.1 13.3 6.0 4.6 1.0 1.1 0.6 1974 30.5 16.4 14.1 5.8 5.9 0.6 0.9 0.9 1975 33.3 19.5 13.8 4.8 6.9 0.8 1.0 0.4 1976 29.7 17.1 12.6 4.3 6.3 0.6 1.1 0.3 1977 31.5 16.5 15.0 4.9 7.9 0.7 1.0 0.5 1978 35.5 17.9 17.5 5.5 9.6 0.6 1.0 0.8 1979 35.9 17.1 18.8 5.9 10.6 0.6 1.1 0.6 1980 39.6 19.2 20.4 5.3 13.0 0.6 0.8 0.7 1981 34.5 16.8 17.7 4.4 11.5 0.6 0.8 0.4 1982 39.5 17.5 22.0 5.4 14.6 0.7 0.9 0.5 1983 41.4 18.3 23.1 5.1 15.8 0.5 1.2 0.4 1984 44.1 18.4 25.7 5.0 18.4 0.6 1.3 0.4 1985 43.0 17.3 25.7 5.3 18.4 0.6 1.2 0.3 1986 42.8 17.8 25.0 4.9 18.2 0.7 0.8 0.4 1987 48.0 20.8 27.2 5.4 19.4 0.9 1.2 0.3 1988 47.0 19.8 27.2 5.7 19.1 0.8 1.2 0.3 1989 46.1 21.2 24.8 5.3 17.4 0.8 1.1 0.2 1990 47.4 19.6 27.9 5.5 20.7 0.7 0.8 0.3 1991 43.3 18.1 25.2 5.1 18.1 0.8 0.8 0.4 1992 46.3 19.1 27.1 5.8 18.7 0.8 1.2 0.6 1993 47.8 19.0 28.8 5.1 21.3 0.6 1.4 0.3 1994 48.5 19.3 29.1 5.3 21.3 0.5 1.5 0.5 1995 44.7 18.7 26.0 4.9 18.9 0.8 1.2 0.3 1996 46.1 18.7 27.4 4.9 20.3 0.8 1.2 0.2 1997 44.5 18.1 26.5 5.6 18.5 0.8 0.9 0.7 1998 47.1 19.0 28.1 4.4 21.5 0.7 1.2 0.4 1999 46.8 18.5 28.3 4.8 21.4 0.6 1.0 0.5 2000 45.3 17.5 27.9 4.4 21.4 0.9 0.8 0.5 2001 43.7 15.6 28.0 4.6 21.3 0.9 0.8 0.5 2002 43.4 16.0 27.5 4.0 21.4 0.7 0.8 0.5 Source: USDA/Economic Research Service CASE 2.3 Welco Lumber Company— Part A Gene Denning wears several hats at the Welco Lumber Company, including process improvement team leader, shipping manager, and assistant human resources manager. Welco Lumber makes cedar fencing materials at its Naples, Idaho, facility employing about 160 people. Over 75% of the cost of the finished cedar fence boards is in the cedar logs that the company buys on the open market. Therefore, it is very important that the company get as much finished product as possible from each log. One of the most
CHAPTER 2 • GRAPHS, CHARTS, AND TABLES—DESCRIBING YOUR DATA 89 FIGURE C-2.3-A Log Breakdown at the Head Rig Slabs Cant Slabs important steps in the manufacturing process is referred to as the head rig. The Head Rig is a large saw that breaks down the logs into slabs and cants. Figure C-2.3-A shows the concept. From small logs with diameters of 12 inches or less, one cant and four or fewer usable slabs are obtained. From larger logs, multiple cants as well as four slabs are obtained. Finished fence boards can be produced from both the slabs and the cants. At some companies, the head rig cutting operation is automated and the cuts are made based on a scanner system and computer algorithms. However, at Welco Lumber, the head rig is operated manually by operators who must look at a log as it arrives and determine how best to break the log down to get the most finished product. In addition, the operators are responsible for making sure that the cants are “centered” so that maximum product can be gained from them. Recently, Gene Denning headed up a study in which he videotaped 365 logs being broken down by the head rig. All three operators, April, Sid and Jim, were involved. Each log was marked as to its true diameter. Then Gene observed the way the log was broken down and the degree to which the cants were properly centered. He then determined the projected value of the finished product from each log given the way it was actually cut. In addition, he also determined what the value would have been had the log been cut in the optimal way. Data for this study is in a file called Welco Lumber. A portion of the data is shown in Table C-2.3-A. You have been asked to assist Gene by analyzing these data using graphs, charts, and tables as appropriate. He wishes to focus on the lost profit to the company and whether there are differences among the operators. Also, do the operators tend to do a better job on small logs than on large logs? In general, he is hoping to learn as much as possible from this study and needs your help with the analysis. TABLE C-2.3-A Head Rig Data—Welco Lumber Company 5-Nov-06 Thru 21-Nov-06 Head Rig Log Study Baseline Log Large/Small Correct Cut Actual Potential Potential Log # Operator Size Log (Yes or No) Error Category Value Value Gain 1 Sid 15 Large No Excessive Log Breakdown $59.00 $65.97 $6.97 2 Sid 17 Large No Excessive Log Breakdown $79.27 $85.33 $6.06 3 Sid 11 Small Yes No Error $35.40 $35.40 $0.00 4 Sid 11 Small No Off Center Cant $31.61 $35.40 $3.79 5 Sid 14 Large No Reduced Value Cut $47.67 $58.86 $11.19 6 Sid 17 Large Yes No Error $85.33 $85.33 $0.00 7 Sid 8 Small Yes No Error $16.22 $16.22 $0.00 8 Sid 11 Small Yes No Error $35.40 $35.40 $0.00 9 Sid 9 Small Yes No Error $21.54 $21.54 $0.00 10 Sid 9 Small No Off Center Cant $18.92 $21.54 $2.62 11 Sid 10 Small Yes No Error $21.54 $21.54 $0.00 12 Sid 8 Small Yes No Error $16.22 $16.22 $0.00 13 Sid 10 Small No Off Center Cant $25.71 $28.97 $3.26 14 Sid 12 Small Yes No Error $41.79 $41.79 $0.00 15 Sid 11 Small Yes No Error $35.40 $35.40 $0.00
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