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5. Setting the scene could be overcome. Confidence with technology and awareness of assistive devices and technologies are important in increasing independence. A few participants felt entirely excluded from particular activities and did not consider that technology could offer assistance to them. For many of these people, confidence with technology or having the know-how (eg word-of-mouth through close social networks of people with similar sight problems) was lacking. Participants’ views on how industry can and could support their needs varied, often related to their sense of dependency. For instance, for some partially sighted participants, technical solutions involving colours and contrast were key; whilst some of those who were blind expected that they would require more substantial product modifications. Some participants were sympathetic to the hurdles faced by industry in implementing accessible and usable product design, commonly citing small markets as a possible hurdle for industry. Others felt they were increasingly being left behind in a world dominated by new digital technologies in which their existing learned product-use strategies are no longer effective or relevant (eg touch-screen devices). “I think in an ideal world, companies should build things designed for blind people but I know the audience is limited. For me [it] is difficult to find and buy something suitable because I am not totally blind; I need devices with extra features rather than talking substitutes. Things like changeable colours are really useful for me.” [blind and partially sighted: mild sight loss, male, 18-30 years] “It is important to have disabled people [involved] in the products design process.” [blind and partially sighted: severe sight loss, male, 75+ years] 5.3. Value of radio (all samples) Radio valued by all samples Radio was valued by all participants who were interviewed irrespective of the sample from which they were drawn. This may partly reflect a sampling bias - all were recruited because they were DAB radio users and willing to give time to talk about their DAB radio experiences. Similar sampling bias could be present in any similar type of research, where participants voluntarily agree to take part. Across the participants who were sighted, there was no evidence to suggest any difference in the value placed on DAB radio between people with dyslexia, those with dexterity impairment and the sighted controls. The only differences related to the amount of time people had to listen to DAB radio - for instance older people who were retired (eg dexterity sample) 44
5. Setting the scene had more opportunity to listen without interruption to DAB radio at their leisure than did those who were younger and were working or studying (eg the dyslexia sample). Blind and partially sighted participants relied more on radio for entertainment, information and company than did the sighted participants Radio was relied on more highly by the blind and partially sighted interviewees compared to the sighted controls for entertainment, information and company. The importance of radio access and usability to the blind and partially sighted sample in this context are paramount. In contrast, the sighted participants more often reported satisfying their needs for entertainment, information and company with use of television as well as radio. “I listen to a lot of radio because I find many entertaining and interesting programmes on it; also because I need to compensate for my lack of visual stimulation.” [blind and partially sighted: severe sight loss, male, 65-74 years] “All the information radio gives is suitable for me; this is the key reason why I listen to it.” [blind and partially sighted: moderate sight loss, female, 65-74 years] “Radio is very important for blind people because it is a form of communication and information. I don’t watch TV, as I must be very close to it.” [blind and partially sighted: moderate sight loss, female, 65-74 years] “In the morning I mainly listen to the radio, then I walk the dog, look after him and watch television.” [Control, male, 65-74 years] Blind and partially sighted participants were likely to use the radio as their main information and entertainment medium. They listened for many hours over the day (including overnight), and were more likely than any of the sighted samples to ‘sit and listen’ as well as use it for background and company. “When I listen to radio it is quite often dedicated; I pretty much [just] listen.” [blind and partially sighted: mild sight loss, female, 18-30 years] “I have two radios, both DAB digital radio. I listen to them constantly, every day. […] Radio has a valuable role for blind people.” [blind and partially sighted: mild sight loss, male, 31-64 years] “I love radio. I switch it on every morning and sometimes during the night if I can’t sleep.” [blind and partially sighted: mild sight loss, female, 65-74 years] 45
Page 1 and 2: Research report: Are you really lis
Page 3 and 4: Foreword Foreword Access to radio i
Page 5 and 6: Executive summary 2. A telephone-ba
Page 7 and 8: Executive summary Comparison of sur
Page 9 and 10: Contents 1. Radio and blind and par
Page 11 and 12: Contents 6.5.2. Confidence with tec
Page 13 and 14: Contents 9. Priorities for accessib
Page 15 and 16: 1. Radio and blind and partially si
Page 17 and 18: 1. Radio and bind and partially sig
Page 19 and 20: 2. Aims and objectives: scope of wo
Page 21 and 22: 3. Methodology 3. Methodology To un
Page 23 and 24: 3. Methodology Table 3.1 DAB radio
Page 25 and 26: 3. Methodology volunteering for the
Page 27 and 28: 3. Methodology Participants with no
Page 29 and 30: 3. Methodology Data from the nation
Page 31 and 32: 3. Methodology Table 3.2. Short Pre
Page 33 and 34: 3. Methodology d. switching the rad
Page 35 and 36: 3. Methodology though none accepted
Page 37 and 38: 4. Structure of results chapters Ad
Page 39 and 40: 5. Setting the scene Persona 2: Mar
Page 41 and 42: 5. Setting the scene Persona 4: Hen
Page 43: 5. Setting the scene 5.2. Independe
Page 47 and 48: 5. Setting the scene The interviewe
Page 49 and 50: 5. Setting the scene 5.5. The meani
Page 51 and 52: 6. Core functional requirements ‘
Page 53 and 54: 6. Core functional requirements 6.2
Page 55 and 56: 6. Core functional requirements “
Page 57 and 58: 6. Core functional requirements who
Page 59 and 60: 6. Core functional requirements wer
Page 63 and 64: 6. Core functional requirements but
Page 69 and 70: 6. Core functional requirements “
Page 79 and 80: 7. Advanced functions cases, partic
Page 81 and 82: 7. Advanced functions 7.3. Sighted
Page 83 and 84: 7. Advanced functions button presse
Page 85 and 86: 7. Advanced functions 7.5. Equipmen
Page 87 and 88: 7. Advanced functions 7.6. Equipmen
Page 89 and 90: 8. Customer reaction to voice outpu
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8. Customer reaction to voice outpu
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9. Priorities for accessible and us
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10. Insights from DAB industry inte
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10. Insights from DAB industry inte
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11. Conclusions 11.1. Blind and par
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11. Conclusions 11.8. Industry cite
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12. Acknowledgements The authors wo
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14. Glossary of terms Audio Descrip
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Appendix A - Short Preference Surve
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Appendix B - Data tables Table AB5.
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