Tana Delta Irrigation Project, Kenya: An Environmental Assessment

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Rehabilitation of the Tana Delta Irrigation Project, Kenya: An Environmental Assessment. Fig. 1: The problem tree: identified constraints to livelihood Lack of assets / capital Lack of education / training Poor productivity Hunger Ill health Rice paddy flooding by TDIP POVERTY Lack of adequate food supply Lack of income Lack of alternative income sources Diminished coping mechanisms Lack of surplus production Inability to access markets Lack of development Lack of cultivable land Low crop productivity Increased reliance on common Increased use of common b Population pressure Land annexed by TDIP Lack of storage Lack of market Lack of transport High crop loss to pests, ildlif Insufficient, unreliable rainfall Lack of seasonal flooding Lack of improved methods Lack of capital Insecurity banditry) Lack of land security Population pressure 13
INSTITUTIONAL LINKAGES Primary linkages The following diagram summarizes village focal groups’ perception of existing linkages between their village and both internal and external institutions, in terms of: (a) closeness of institutional relationship with village (represented by distance from ‘village’ below) (b) positive or negative relationship (positive to the left of village; negative to the right) (c) impact of institution on village welfare (represented by size of institution’s circle) Church groups Youth & women Village Comm ittees Village TARDA NGO s Provincial Administration POSITIVE IMPACT (yellow) NEGATIVE IMPACT (green) Note: lack of depiction equates to lack of existing relationship Relationship with TARDA As can be noted above, the dominating institutional relationship for villages is the proximal and negative impact of TARDA. Heated expressions concerning the negative impact of TARDA were encountered in every village, without exception, and in some cases threatened to derail focal group discussion. The negative impacts of TARDA fall into three general categories: 1. Loss of resources to the TDIP. Effects include: • Loss of both use and ownership of prime agricultural land, villages’ central resource (subject of an unresolved court case brought against TARDA in 1994 by Hewani, Kulesa and Wema villages, the latest hearing/possible verdict being expected in February 2005). • Loss of prime dry-season grazing, a key component of pastoralist livelihood (Orma) • Increased illness and disease, especially malaria, due to TDIP rice-paddy flooding 14
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Table 19. Spatial distribution and
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Tana Delta Irrigation Project, Kenya: An Environmental Assessment

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