Tana Delta Irrigation Project, Kenya: An Environmental Assessment
Tana Delta Irrigation Project, Kenya: An Environmental Assessment
Tana Delta Irrigation Project, Kenya: An Environmental Assessment
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Rehabilitation of the <strong>Tana</strong> <strong>Delta</strong> <strong>Irrigation</strong> <strong>Project</strong>, <strong>Kenya</strong>: <strong>An</strong> <strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Assessment</strong>.<br />
Table 11: Causes of Madzini (floodplain) forest decline, volunteered amongst elders &<br />
youth within villages<br />
Fire<br />
Poor use/<br />
Population pressure<br />
Poor enforcement<br />
Lack of seasonal<br />
flooding<br />
Commercial<br />
exploitation from<br />
outside<br />
Over-grazing<br />
Wine tapping<br />
TARDA/ TDIP<br />
clearing<br />
Internal (I) External (E): I E I E I E<br />
Bfumbwe Elders XX XX X XX X X<br />
Youth X X X<br />
Kulesa Elders X X X X<br />
Youth X X<br />
Sailoni Elders X X X XX X<br />
Youth X X X<br />
Wema Elders X XX X XX X X X<br />
Youth X X X X<br />
Hewani Elders X XX X<br />
Youth X XX XX<br />
Baandi Elders X X<br />
Youth XX X XX X<br />
SCORE 6 4 2 13 5 8 11 3 2 1 2<br />
Ranking the importance of various causes based on the citation frequencies in Table 11<br />
yields the following summary:<br />
Table 12: Ranking of importance of causes of forest decline (frequency in brackets)<br />
Overall rank<br />
(score)<br />
Cause<br />
Rank by<br />
elders (score)<br />
Rank by<br />
youth (score)<br />
1 (13) Internal population growth 1 (7) 1 (6)<br />
2 (11) Lack of seasonal flooding 2 (6) 2 (5)<br />
3 (8) Poor enforcement 3 (4) 3 (4)<br />
4 (6) Fire 3 (4) 5 (2)<br />
5 (5) External use due to population growth 7 (2) 4 (3)<br />
6 (4) Poor techniques (internal i.e. within villages) 5 (3) 6 (1)<br />
7 (3) Commercial exploitation by outsiders 5 (3) 9 (0)<br />
8 (2) Excessive grazing 9 (1) 6 (1)<br />
8 (2) Poor techniques used by outsiders 8 (2) 9 (0)<br />
8 (2) TDIP clearing of forests 9 (1) 6 (1)<br />
11 (1) Wine tapping 9 (1) 9 (0)<br />
As can be seen, there are a number of perceived causes of forest decline, with a large degree<br />
of agreement between elders and youth perceptions – particularly on the main causes:<br />
pressure due to internal population growth; lack of seasonal flooding; and poor enforcement –<br />
with fire (set by pastoralists) ranking as an important cause.<br />
Causes of Forest Decline<br />
Table 13 presents solutions volunteered by focal groups (both elders and youth, separately).<br />
Results centred on five options (in order of importance): restore local authority and<br />
management; title or allocate forest patches; forestation and afforestation (involving both<br />
indigenous and exotic species); raise good-practice awareness; and involve youth in<br />
management. These are elaborated below in Section 5.4.3.6<br />
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