Tana Delta Irrigation Project, Kenya: An Environmental Assessment

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Rehabilitation of the Tana Delta Irrigation Project, Kenya: An Environmental Assessment. Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF). (2003). The Ecosystem Profile of the Eastern Arc Mountains & Coastal Forests of Tanzania & Kenya Biodiversity Hotspot. Flora of Tropical East Africa (FTEA). (1952- ). Authors Various. Crown Agents, London & Balkema, Rotterdam. Gereau, R.E. & Luke, W.R.Q. (2003). List of Potentially Threatened Plants of the Eastern Arc Mountains & Coastal Forests of Tanzania & Kenya Biodiversity Hotspot. Unpublished Report. CEPF. Glenday, J. (2005). Preliminary Assessment of Carbon Storage and the Potential for Forestry Based Carbon Offset Projects in the Lower Tana River Forests of the Tana Delta Irrigation Project and the Tana River National Primate Reserve. Unpublished Report to CEPF. Hatfield, R. (2005). Rehabilitation of TDIP (Tana River Irrigation Project) Polder 1: Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment - Socio-Economic Assessment. Unpublished Report to CEPF. IUCN. (2002). The 2002 Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN, Cambridge and Gland. Kenya Indigenous Forest Conservation Project (KIFCON). (1993). Tana River National Primate Reserve Forests Survey Report. Unpublished Report. Marsh, C. W. (1976). A Management Plan for the Tana River Game Reserve. Report to the Kenya Department of Wildlife Conservation and Management, Nairobi. Medley, K. E., Kinnaird, M. F. & Decker, B. S. (1989). A survey of the riverine forests in the Wema/Hewani vicinity with reference to development and the preservation of endemic primates and human resources. Utafiti 2(1):1-6 Medley, K. E. (1992). Patterns of forest diversity along the Tana River, Kenya. Journal of Tropical Ecology 8:853-371 Mbora, D. N. M. (2003). Habitat quality and fragmentation and the distribution and abundance of the Tana River red colobus (Procolobus rufomitratus) in eastern Kenya. Ph. D. Dissertation. Miami University. Mbora, D. N. M. & Meikle D.B. (2004). Forest Fragmentation and the Distribution, Abundance and Conservation of the Tana River Red Colobus (Procolobus rufomitratus). Biological Conservation, 118:67–77 Nippon Koei Co. Ltd. (1998). The Environmental Impact Study of Tana Delta Irrigation Project, Final Report. African Biodiversity Institute Group. Unpublished Njue, A. (1992). The Tana River Forest, Kenya: hydrologic and edaphic factors as determinants of vegetation structure and function. PhD Thesis, University of California, Davis. Robertson, S.A. & Luke, W.R.Q. (1993). Kenya Coastal Forests. Unpublished report. WWF, Nairobi. Wakuluzu: Friends of the Colobus Trust. (2005). Census of the Tana River Red Colobus (Procolobus rufomitratus) and Tana River Crested Mangabey (Cercocebus galeritus galeritus) in the TDIP Area: Population and Distribution Changes 1972 – 2005. Unpublished report to CEPF. White, F. (1983). The vegetation of Africa. A descriptive memoir to accompany the UNESCO/AETFAT/UNSO Vegetation Map of Africa. Paris, UNESCO Wieczkowski, J., Mbora, D.N.M., Kariuki, A., and Strum, S., (2002). Tana River primate and habitat monitoring project. Unpublished progress report for Conservation International – Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation. 45
Rehabilitation of the Tana Delta Irrigation Project, Kenya: An Environmental Assessment. Appendix 1. Terms of Reference for Botanical/Ecological study Desk study a) Carry out review of previous reports and surveys with regard to species inventories, forest composition, impacts and trends b) Interpretation of Satellite/Aerial photos to give historical perspective on change in forest cover throughout range Fieldwork Rapid assessment of current status of forests in the project area, select methodology that can give rugged results in short period. Select with assistance from TARDA and train 2-3 community workers in survey techniques. Visit each patch, set out permanent sample plots if feasible time-wise (part of long-term monitoring?) Measure forest quality in terms of acceptable primate habitat – mean basal area of 14 food tree species (Mbora & Meikle 2004). Select 3 for survey? Spatial-temporal trends to help set priorities Update species list (Robertson & Luke 1993) – comments on endangered/threatened species (IUCN 2002), potentially endangered/threatened species (Gereau & Luke 2003), and species of economic value to the local communities. Exotic species imported by previous development eg Prosopis spp Measure of human impact on forest and compare level of impacts in different forests. Select methodology consistent with other CEPF projects (Frontiers TZ?) Data Analysis and Report Complete species identifications and analyse field data to produce recommendations in the following main areas: A. Design and Impact of Woodlots Selection criteria for exotics with minimum adverse affect Estimate production figures and demand (from Socio-economic study) Mix in suitable ‘fast’ growing indigenous species eg Albizia versicolor, Milicia excelsa and primate food species Ficus sycomorus etc, depending on ground water availability (distance from river) Check potential invasive species eg Neem. Prosopis eradicate? B. Corridors Design as per primatologist recommendation (recent history of connectivity, the metapopulation question) Economics – land lost to scheme and per hectare cost of planting Methodology – Nurseries, Planting schedule, Controls Enrichment Planting Selection of Sites Selection of Species Methodology (as per B above) Orma Design of corridors for access to water Fencing necessary? Cheaper alternatives – provide water beyond project area or Pokomo cultivated strip? 46
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