A Treebank-based Investigation of IPP-triggering Verbs in Dutch

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[6] Esther König and Wolfgang Lezius. The TIGER language - a description language for syntax graphs - Part 1: User’s guidelines, 2002. [7] Ding Liu and Daniel Gildea. Syntactic features for evaluation of machine translation. In Proceedings of the ACL Workshop on Intrinsic and Extrinsic Evaluation Measures for Machine Translation and/or Summarization, 2005. [8] Chi-kiu Lo and Dekai Wu. MEANT: An inexpensive, high-accuracy, semiautomatic metric for evaluating translation utility based on semantic roles. In Proceedings of ACL HLT 2011, pages 220–229, 2011. [9] Sudip Kumar Naskar, Antonio Toral, Federico Gaspari, and Andy Way. A framework for diagnostic evaluation of MT based on linguistic checkpoints. In Proceedings of the 13th Machine Translation Summit, pages 529–536, Xiamen, China, September 2011. [10] Franz Josef Och and Hermann Ney. A systematic comparison of various statistical alignment models. Computational Linguistics, 29(1):19–51, March 2003. [11] Maja Popović and Hermann Ney. Word error rates: decomposition over POS classes and applications for error analysis. In Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation, StatMT ’07, pages 48–55, Stroudsburg, PA, USA, 2007. Association for Computational Linguistics. [12] Rico Sennrich. Combining multi-engine machine translation and online learning through dynamic phrase tables. In EAMT-2011: the 15th Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation, May 2011. [13] Rico Sennrich and Martin Volk. MT-based sentence alignment for OCRgenerated parallel texts. In The Ninth Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas (AMTA 2010), 2010. [14] Martin Volk, Torsten Marek, and Yvonne Samuelsson. Building and querying parallel treebanks. Translation: Computation, Corpora, Cognition (Special Issue on Parallel Corpora: Annotation, Exploitation and Evaluation), 1(1):7– 28, 2011. [15] Ming Zhou, Bo Wang, Shujie Liu, Mu Li, Dongdong Zhang, and Tiejun Zhao. Diagnostic evaluation of machine translation systems using automatically constructed linguistic check-points. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics - Volume 1, COLING ’08, pages 1121–1128, Stroudsburg, PA, USA, 2008. Association for Computational Linguistics. 156
An integrated web-based treebank annotation system Victoria Rosén, ∗§ Paul Meurer, § Gyri Smørdal Losnegaard, ∗ Gunn Inger Lyse, ∗ Koenraad De Smedt, ∗ Martha Thunes ∗ and Helge Dyvik ∗§ University of Bergen ∗ and Uni Research § Bergen, Norway E-mail: victoria@uib.no,paul.meurer@uni.no Abstract In recent years a development towards easier access to treebanks has been discernible. Fully online environments for the creation, annotation and exploration of treebanks have however been very scarce so far. In this paper we describe some user needs from the annotator perspective and report on our experience with the development and practical use of a web-based annotation system. 1 Introduction In the context of earlier semi-automated annotation projects, various annotation tools and interfaces have been created and deployed. User interfaces for efficient parse selection are described in the context of Alpino [23] and Lingo Redwoods [15], inspired by the TreeBanker [7]. Annotation tools for the Paris 7 French treebank were created as extensions of the Emacs editor and provide annotators with interactive editing as well as visualization of trees [1]. Several graphical tree editors and viewers have been developed, such as the type checking dependency tree editor TrEd, used for the Prague Dependency Treebank (PDT) [6, 11], the Annotate tool, used in Negra and Tiger [2, 3], and SALTO, which was developed for SALSA [5]; the latter supports resolution of inter-annotator disagreements. These tools require installation of applications on the client side which may be platform specific. New developments are oriented towards web-based interaction. The Alpino treebank [23] is browsable on the web with visualizations in SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics), but does not seem to offer further online functionality. The brat annotation system [22] is a web-based tool for text annotation which offers a user-friendly web interface for manual annotation and is very suitable for collaborative editing.
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A Treebank-based Investigation of I
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participle and a (te-)infinitival c
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Some verbs occur twice, since they
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Profiling Feature Selection for Nam
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prepositional objects (FOPP, OPP).
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the limited size of annotated data
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with high precision typically have
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‘This was “not significantly”
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The preposition durch typically has
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Non-Projective Structures in Indian
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the sequential order of nodes in a
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extra-posed relative clause that ge
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Experiments on Dependency Parsing o
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for mitigating the effects of spars
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obtained with MALTParser is 76.61%
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as a standardised serialisation for
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constituency and dependency, possib
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SynAF and/or in . However, they sha
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shows how some elements that are no
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Example
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‏ Example 8: represent
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Chinese) as the direct object NP.
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Example 15: Tokens and Word Forms
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In a second experiment, a dataset w
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[3] Leech G. N., Barnett, R. & Kahr
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Effectively long-distance dependenc
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In French, another case of eLDD is
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elativization, it-clefts or questio
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4.2.3 Annotation methodology Becaus
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Number of occurrences in FTB +SEQTB
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producing treebank based LFG approx
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Logical Form Representation for Lin
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gerundives for a total amount of so
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object+indirect object/object one.
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(VP (VB patch) ) ) ) (VP (VBZ is) (
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Types Adverb. Adject. Verbs Nouns T
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Eventually we may comment that ther
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DeepBank: A Dynamically Annotated T
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from another already existing one,
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to parse now does. The extra manual
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In the derivation show in Figure 1,
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4 Patching Coverage Gaps with An Ap
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will enable further improvements in
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ParDeepBank: Multiple Parallel Deep
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2 The ParDeepBank The PTB has emerg
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undergone extensive scientific scru
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the second combines the structures
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Page 105 and 106: ut without feature structures. This
Page 107 and 108: only the lexicon is fine-grained to
Page 109 and 110: Automatic Coreference Annotation in
Page 111 and 112: manually annotated Czech sentences.
Page 113 and 114: citizens of Bilbao] are very involv
Page 115 and 116: 4.1.3 Coreference Selector Module T
Page 117 and 118: Nominal P R F1 MUC 75.33% 81.33% 78
Page 119 and 120: [9] G. Doddington, A. Mitchell, M.
Page 121 and 122: Analyzing the Most Common Errors in
Page 123 and 124: Graph 1 shows results of subsequent
Page 125 and 126: in the semantic type). This situati
Page 127 and 128: Will a Parser Overtake Achilles? Fi
Page 129 and 130: annotation is also based on a depen
Page 131 and 132: Set Name Sentences Tokens % Train/T
Page 133 and 134: dency relations (PRED, OBJ, SBJ, AD
Page 135 and 136: ton and Stacklazy), we trained a mo
Page 137 and 138: Feature Function Column Name Addres
Page 139 and 140: Using Parallel Treebanks for Machin
Page 141 and 142: phrases are generated by a shallow
Page 143 and 144: Figure 2: A Kybot p
Page 145 and 146: SUJ NP SENT MOD PP NP PP PP NP NP P
Page 147 and 148: Checkpoint Instances Google PT Our
Page 149: 6 Conclusions In this paper we have
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Page 155 and 156: Figure 2: Screenshot of the interfa
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Page 159 and 160: 4 Integrated interface for annotati
Page 161 and 162: of the 5th International Conference
Page 163 and 164: Translational divergences and their
Page 165 and 166: posed so far, Cyrus’ work did not
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Page 171 and 172: for all lex_pair(s,t) do if head an
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Page 175 and 176: Building a treebank of noisy user-g
Page 177 and 178: Phenomenon Attested example Std. co
Page 179 and 180: Figure 1: French Social Media Bank
Page 181 and 182: Impact of treebank characteristics
Page 183 and 184: Det Adj N (a) Danish Det Adj N (b)
Page 185 and 186: sv: Bestämmelserna i detta avtal f
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Page 189 and 190: vidner , tilhørere og tiltalte wit
Page 191 and 192: mance is not inconsiderable, as was
Page 193 and 194: Genitives in Hindi Treebank: An Att
Page 195 and 196: A genitive can occur with complex p
Page 197 and 198: quite high. This motivates us towar
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A Treebank-based Investigation of IPP-triggering Verbs in Dutch

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