A Treebank-based Investigation of IPP-triggering Verbs in Dutch

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[5] Marie Candito and Djamé Seddah. Le corpus sequoia : annotation syntaxique et exploitation pour l’adaptation d’analyseur par pont lexical. In Proc. of TALN 2012 (in French), Grenoble, France, June 2012. [6] Grzegorz Chrupała. Morfette: A tool for supervised learning of morphology. http://sites.google.com/site/morfetteweb/, 2010. Version 0.3.1. [7] Éric De La Clergerie. Convertir des dérivations TAG en dépendances . In Proc. of TALN 2010, Montreal, Canada, 2010. ATALA. [8] Danièle Godard. Extraction out of NP in French. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 10(2):233–277, 1992. [9] Julia Hockenmaier. Data and models for statistical parsing with Combinatory Categorial Grammar. PhD thesis, 2003. [10] David M. Magerman. Statistical decision-tree models for parsing. In Proc. of ACL’95, pages 276–283, Morristown, NJ, USA, 1995. [11] Ryan T. McDonald and Fernando C. N. Pereira. Online learning of approximate dependency parsing algorithms. In Proc. of EACL’06, 2006. [12] Yusuke Miyao and Jun’ichi Tsujii. Probabilistic disambiguation models for wide-coverage hpsg parsing. In Proc. of ACL 2005, pages 83–90, 2005. [13] Thomas Morton and Jeremy LaCivita. Wordfreak: an open tool for linguistic annotation. In Proc. of NAACL 2003, Demos, pages 17–18, 2003. [14] Joakim Nivre, Johan Hall, and Jens Nilsson. Maltparser: A data-driven parser-generator for dependency parsing. In Proc. of LREC’06, pages 2216– 2219, Genova, Italy, 2006. [15] Joakim Nivre and Jens Nilsson. Pseudo-projective dependency parsing. In Proc. of ACL’05, pages 99–106, Stroudsburg, PA, USA, 2005. [16] Joakim Nivre, Laura Rimell, Ryan McDonald, and Carlos Gomez-Rodriguez. Evaluation of dependency parsers on unbounded dependencies. In Proc. of COLING 2010, pages 833–841, 2010. [17] Laura Rimell, Stephen Clark, and Mark Steedman. Unbounded dependency recovery for parser evaluation. In Proc. of EMNLP 2009, pages 813–821, 2009. [18] Natalie Schluter and Josef van Genabith. Preparing, restructuring, and augmenting a French Treebank: Lexicalised parsers or coherent treebanks? In Proc. of PACLING 07, Melbourne, Australia, 2007. [19] Natalie Schluter and Josef Van Genabith. Dependency parsing resources for french: Converting acquired lexical functional grammar f-structure annotations and parsing f-structures directly. 2009. 72
Logical Form Representation for Linguistic Resources Rodolfo Delmonte Department of Linguistic Studies & Department of Computer Science Ca’ Foscari University of Venice Email: delmont@unive.it Website: http://project.cgm.unive.it Abstract Logical Forms are an exceptionally important linguistic representation for highly demanding semantically related tasks like Question/ Answering and Text Understanding, but their automatic production at runtime is higly error-prone. The use of a tool like XWNet and other similar resources would be beneficial for all the NLP community, but not only. The problem is: Logical Forms are useful as long as they are consistent, otherwise they would be useless if not harmful. Like any other resource that aims at providing a meaning representation, LFs require a big effort in manual checking order to reduce the number of errors to the minimum acceptable – less than 1% - from any digital resource. As will be shown in detail in the paper, XWNet suffers from lack of a careful manual checking phase, and the number of errors is too high to make the resource usable as is. We classified mistakes by their syntactic or semantic type in order to facilitate a revision of the resource that we intend to do using regular expressions. We also commented extensively on semantic issues and on the best way to represent them in Logical Forms. In particular, we will discuss in detail representations related to three-place predicates, with special reference to secondary predication. Keywords: Language Resources, Logical Form, Treebank consistency 1 INTRODUCTION In a number of recent papers, the need for a sizable (at least same size of WordNet) and publicly available corpus with Logical Form representation has increased: as a result more and more papers are concerned with the generation of a logical form or a semantic representation that is close to it. The fact is that there is already a number of such resources available, XWN (Moldovan and Rus, 2001), and ILF (Agerri and Peñas, 2010), hence (AP), both derived from WordNet glosses: so, why not using them. After reviewing previous work - including XWN and WN30-lfs (by Clark et al., 2008) generated by USC/ISI, California in 2006 - AP come to the conclusion that "... there is still some need for providing lexical and/or knowledge resources suitable for computational semantics tasks that required formalized knowledge." (ibid.29) The problem seems to lie in the presence of some obscurity in the way in which the glosses have been transformed: in particular, WN30-lfs is commented by the same authors as containing "... free variables and/or predicates without any relation with any other predicates in the 73
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A Treebank-based Investigation of I
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participle and a (te-)infinitival c
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Some verbs occur twice, since they
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Profiling Feature Selection for Nam
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prepositional objects (FOPP, OPP).
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the limited size of annotated data
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with high precision typically have
Page 15 and 16: ‘This was “not significantly”
Page 17 and 18: The preposition durch typically has
Page 19 and 20: Non-Projective Structures in Indian
Page 21 and 22: the sequential order of nodes in a
Page 23 and 24: extra-posed relative clause that ge
Page 25 and 26: Experiments on Dependency Parsing o
Page 27 and 28: for mitigating the effects of spars
Page 29 and 30: obtained with MALTParser is 76.61%
Page 31 and 32: as a standardised serialisation for
Page 33 and 34: constituency and dependency, possib
Page 35 and 36: SynAF and/or in . However, they sha
Page 37 and 38: shows how some elements that are no
Page 39 and 40: Example
Page 41 and 42: ‏ Example 8: represent
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Page 45 and 46: Chinese) as the direct object NP.
Page 47 and 48: Example 15: Tokens and Word Forms
Page 49 and 50: In a second experiment, a dataset w
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Page 53 and 54: [3] Leech G. N., Barnett, R. & Kahr
Page 55 and 56: Effectively long-distance dependenc
Page 57 and 58: In French, another case of eLDD is
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Page 61 and 62: 4.2.3 Annotation methodology Becaus
Page 63 and 64: Number of occurrences in FTB +SEQTB
Page 65: producing treebank based LFG approx
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Page 73 and 74: (VP (VB patch) ) ) ) (VP (VBZ is) (
Page 75 and 76: Types Adverb. Adject. Verbs Nouns T
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Page 79 and 80: DeepBank: A Dynamically Annotated T
Page 81 and 82: from another already existing one,
Page 83 and 84: to parse now does. The extra manual
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Page 87 and 88: 4 Patching Coverage Gaps with An Ap
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Page 91 and 92: ParDeepBank: Multiple Parallel Deep
Page 93 and 94: 2 The ParDeepBank The PTB has emerg
Page 95 and 96: undergone extensive scientific scru
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Page 103 and 104: The Effect of Treebank Annotation G
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Page 109 and 110: Automatic Coreference Annotation in
Page 111 and 112: manually annotated Czech sentences.
Page 113 and 114: citizens of Bilbao] are very involv
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Nominal P R F1 MUC 75.33% 81.33% 78
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[9] G. Doddington, A. Mitchell, M.
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Analyzing the Most Common Errors in
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Graph 1 shows results of subsequent
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in the semantic type). This situati
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Will a Parser Overtake Achilles? Fi
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annotation is also based on a depen
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Set Name Sentences Tokens % Train/T
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dency relations (PRED, OBJ, SBJ, AD
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ton and Stacklazy), we trained a mo
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Feature Function Column Name Addres
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Using Parallel Treebanks for Machin
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phrases are generated by a shallow
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Figure 2: A Kybot p
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SUJ NP SENT MOD PP NP PP PP NP NP P
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Checkpoint Instances Google PT Our
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6 Conclusions In this paper we have
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An integrated web-based treebank an
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16] and we have earlier reported fr
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Figure 2: Screenshot of the interfa
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ple subcategorization frames may be
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4 Integrated interface for annotati
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of the 5th International Conference
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Translational divergences and their
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posed so far, Cyrus’ work did not
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allowed an appropriate coverage of
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damentales [...] 10 (the universal
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for all lex_pair(s,t) do if head an
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the treatment of typical translatio
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Building a treebank of noisy user-g
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Phenomenon Attested example Std. co
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Figure 1: French Social Media Bank
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Impact of treebank characteristics
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Det Adj N (a) Danish Det Adj N (b)
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sv: Bestämmelserna i detta avtal f
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100 90 80 Unlabelled attachment 70
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vidner , tilhørere og tiltalte wit
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mance is not inconsiderable, as was
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Genitives in Hindi Treebank: An Att
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A genitive can occur with complex p
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quite high. This motivates us towar
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A Treebank-based Investigation of IPP-triggering Verbs in Dutch

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