A Treebank-based Investigation of IPP-triggering Verbs in Dutch

extra-posed relative clause that generates discontinuity, there are instances in the
IL treebanks where even Left-adjoined relative clauses can be separated from their
head noun by some verbal argument.
(2) iskaa mojuda
Its current swaroop theory
form theory aadharit hai jisko
based is which practical
practical aadhirit banaaya jaayega
based made will be
‘Its current form is theory based which will be made practical based.’
iskaa
mojuda_swaroop
theory_aadharit
hai
jisko
practical_aadhirit
banaaya_jaayega
5.2 Clausal Complements
Clausal complements, introduced by a complementizer (ki in Hindi/Urdu, je in
Bangla), are placed post-verbally in Hindi-Urdu and Bangla. If the head predicate
licensing the clausal complement is other than the verb, the canonical order is such
that the head is positioned preverbally and its complement is extraposed. In such
order the structure has inherent discontinuity. Example (3) shows an extraposed
complement clause of an expletive yaha ‘it’. The head element and the complement
clause are at a distance from each other, the verb likha hai ‘is written’ in the
main clause interferes in the projection of yaha ‘it’ making the structure discontinuous.
Extraposed complement clauses are the major source of non-projective
structures in IL treebanks. In Hindi treebank around 42% non-projective structures
are due to extraposed clausal complements of a non-verbal predicate.
(3) jisme
In which yaha
this bhi
also likha
written hai ki
is that Togadiya
Togadiya jordaar
powerful dhmaake mein maare
blast in killed jaayenge
will be
‘In which this is also written that Togadiya will be killed in powerful blast.’
jisme yaha_bhi likha_hai ki Togadiya jordaar_dhmaake_mein maare_jaayenge
5.3 Genitive Constructions
In genitive constructions, the genitive marked nominal is easily dislocated from
the head noun. The study of IL treebanks show a varied number of movements
from genitive constructions. Genitive marked noun can either be extraposed or
be extracted towards the left. However, the extraction towards left is wide spread
with good number of instances in all the treebanks except Telugu treebank. In
example (5), genitive marked pronoun jiski ‘whose’ has been extracted from its
base position to the sentence initial position crossing the subject of the sentence.
(4) jiski raashtra ko bhaari keemat adaa karni padi
for which country ACC heavy cost pay had to
‘For which country had to pay a heavy cost’
jiski raashtra_ko bhaari_keemat adaa karni_padi_thi
5.4 Control Constructions
In ILs under study, verbs can select non-finite complements and adverbial clauses
marked with infinitive or participle inflections (-kar and -na in Hindi-Urdu). In
such bi-clausal combinations non-finite clauses have a null subject controlled by
a syntactic argument of the main verb. In IL treebanks such arguments, which
thematically belong to both the verbs but are syntactically governed only by the
main verb, are annotated as the child of the main verb only in view of the singleheadedness
constraint of dependency trees. Interestingly, in these control constructions,
individual arguments of non-finite verb can move around and cross the
shared argument, child of the main verb, generating discontinuity in non-finite
clause. There are varied occurrences of such discontinuous non-finite clauses in
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